After reading this section, you will learn:

  1. YAMLThe basic grammar of the language;
  2. .gitlab-ci.ymlConfiguration file details;
  3. Gitlab-CIConfiguration operations.

YAML

The YAML language (pronounced /ˈjæməl/) was designed to make it easy for humans to read and write configuration files. It is essentially a universal data serialization format.

Its basic syntax rules are as follows:

  • Case sensitivity
  • Use indentation to indicate hierarchy
  • Indentation is not allowedTabKey. Only Spaces are allowed
  • The number of Spaces indented does not matter, as long as elements of the same rank are aligned to the left

# indicates a comment, which is ignored by the parser all the way to the end of the line.

YAML supports three types of data structures:

  • Object: A collection of key-value pairs, also called a map (mapping)/hash (hashes)/Dictionary (dictionary)
  • 1. An ordered set of values, also called a sequence (sequence)/List (list)
  • Scalar (scalars) : single, non-divisible value

Another small quirk of YAML is that all YAML files should start at the beginning, which is part of the YAML format.

object

An object is a set of key-value pairs, denoted by a colon:

---
animal: pets
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ animal: 'pets' }
Copy the code

YAML also allows another way of writing, which pairs all the keys to a ctrip in-line object:

---
hash: { name: Steve.foo: bar }
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ hash: { name: 'Steve'.foo: 'bar'}}Copy the code

An array of

A set of lines at the beginning of a conjunction line, forming an array:

---
- Cat
- Dog
- Goldfish
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

[ 'Cat'.'Dog'.'Goldfish' ]
Copy the code

If the child member of the data structure is an array, space can be indented below the item:

---
-
  - Cat
  - Dog
  - Goldfish
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

[['Cat'.'Dog'.'Goldfish']]Copy the code

YAML arrays can also use inline notation:

---
animal: [ Cat.Dog ]
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ animal: [ 'Cat'.'Dog']}Copy the code

Composite structure

Objects and arrays can be used together to form compound structures:

---
languages:
  - Ruby
  - Perl
  - Python
websites:
  `YAML`: yaml.org
  Ruby: ruby-lang.org
  Python: python.org
  Perl: use.perl.org
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{
  languages: ['Ruby'.'Perl'.'Python'].wesites: {
    `YAML`: 'yaml.org'.Ruby: 'ruby-lang.org'.Python: 'python.org'.Perl: 'use.perl.org',}}Copy the code

scalar

A scalar is a fundamental, nonseparable value. The following data types are JavaScript primitives:

  • string
  • Boolean value
  • The integer
  • Floating point Numbers
  • Null
  • time
  • The date of

Values are expressed directly as literals:

number: 12.35
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ number: 12.30 }
Copy the code

Boolean values are true and false:

isSet: true
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ isSet: true }
Copy the code

Null is represented by ~ :

parent: ~
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ parent: null }
Copy the code

Time in ISO8601 format:

iso8601: The 2001-12-14 t21:59:43. 10 to 05:00
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ iso8601: new Date('the 2001-12-14 t21:59:43. 10-05:00')}Copy the code

The date is expressed as year, month and day in composite ISO8601 format:

date: 1976-07-31
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ date: new Date('1976-07-31')}Copy the code

YAML allows two exclamation marks to cast data types:

port: !!!!! str 8000
year: !!!!! int '1991'
success: !!!!! bool 'true'
distance: !!!!! float '18.32'
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{
  port: '8000'.year: 1991.success: true.distance: 18.32,}Copy the code

string

Strings are the most common and complex type of data.

Strings are not quoted by default:

str: This is a string
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ str: 'This is a string.' }
Copy the code

If the string contains Spaces or special characters, it needs to be enclosed in quotes:

str: 'Content string'
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ str: 'Content string' }
Copy the code

Both single and double quotation marks can be used, and double quotation marks do not escape special characters:

str1: 'Content \n string'
str2: "Contents \n string"
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

` ` ` ` JavaScript ` {str1: ‘\ n content string, str2:’ content \ n string ‘}

'' yaml STR: 'labor'' day'Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ str: 'labor\'s day' }
Copy the code

Strings can be written as multiple lines, starting with the second line, which must have a single space indent, and the newline character is converted to a space:

str: This is a paragraph
  Multiple lines
  string
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ str: 'This is a multi-line string.' }
Copy the code

Multi-line string can use | retain a newline, can also use > fold line:

this: | Foo Barthat: > Foo BarCopy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ this: 'Foo\nBar\n'.that: 'Foo Bar\n' }
Copy the code

+ preserves the end of the text block and – removes the end of the string:

s1: | Foo
s2: |+ Foo
s3: |- FooCopy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ s1: 'Foo\n'.s2: 'Foo\n\n\n'.s3: 'Foo' }
Copy the code

HTML tags can be inserted into strings:

message: | < p style = "color: red" > paragraph < / p >Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

{ message: '\n
\n paragraph \n
\n' }
Copy the code

reference

Anchors & and aliases * can be used to indicate references:

defaults: &defalts
  adapter: postgres
  host: localhost

development:
  database: myapp_development
  < < : *defaults

test:
  database: myapp_test
  < < : *defaults
Copy the code

Equivalent to the following code:

defaults:
  adapter: postgres
  host: localhost

development:
  database: myapp_development
  adapter: postgres
  host: localhost

test:
  database: myapp_test
  adapter: postgres
  host: localhost
Copy the code

& is used to create anchor points, << means to merge into current data, and * refers to anchor points:

- &showell Steve
- Clark
- Brian
- Oren
- *showell
Copy the code

Convert to JavaScript as follows:

[ 'Steve'.'Clark'.'Brian'.'Oren'.'Steve' ]
Copy the code

.gitlab-ci.yml

GitLab provides continuous integration services. If you add the.gitlab-ci.yml file to the root of your project and configure the Gitlab repository to use Runner, gitlab will look for the.gitlab-ci.yml file and start operations on Runner based on its contents every time you commit or push.

The resources

YAML language tutorial

www.ruanyifeng.com/blog/2016/0…

2. Keyword reference for the .gitlab-ci.yml file

docs.gitlab.com/ee/ci/yaml/