WSL installation and configuration

This is the 25th day of my participation in the August Challenge

WSL introduction

WSL: Windows Subsystem for Linux

Official documentation: WSL documentation

From the official: The Windows subsystem for Linux lets developers run the GNU/Linux environment as-is, including most command-line tools, utilities, and applications, without the overhead of traditional virtual machines or dual-boot setup

Compare WSL1 with WSL2:

WSL1 emulates Linux by using a translation layer to convert Linux system calls into Windows system calls

WSL2 is a real Linux kernel that runs on a lightweight, maintenace free virtual machine, which means we can get almost a full Linux experience on WSL2, like running Docker, etc

Benefits of WSL:

Rich command line software ecology, convenient software package management, compared with virtual machines, lightweight, easy maintenance, and good integration with Windows, such as file access, network sharing, etc

For example, how WSL2 and Windows exchange files

Linux files can be accessed from Windows via the \\ WSL $\

\ path
Windows files are accessed from Linux using the path/MNT /

Install WSL2

Check whether the system supports WSL2:

To update to WSL 2, you need to run Windows 10

X64 systems require version 1903 or later, internal version 18362 or later

The X64 system requires version 2004 or later, and the internal version is version 19041 or later

Use the Windows logo key + R, then type Winver to view version information

Installation steps:

Enable the WSL and vm platform

In the Windows Control Panel, open the Windows management page. Enable or disable Windows functions, select Windows subsystem and VM platform for Linux, and restart the PC

You can also run the following command to enable the preceding functions and restart the PC
```
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
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```
```
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart
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```
Download the WSL2 Linux kernel update package

Download the WSL2 Linux kernel update package for x64 machines and run the update package installer

Note: ARM64 computers require the ARM version installed
Run the following command in PowerShell to set the default WSL version to WSL2
```
wsl --set-default-version 2
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```
Microsoft Store installation

Open the Microsoft Store and search for Linux

Select the distribution you want to install, and after the installation is complete, you will need to set a user name and password for the first startup

At this point, the WSL2 distribution is installed
Installation package installation

Download the installation package from docs.microsoft.com/zh-cn/windo…

Once the download is complete, you have an installation file in

.appx format that you can double-click to install

By default, the package is installed in the user directory AppData\Local\Packages\ of drive C. The following operations can be installed to other drive letters:

Change the. Appx file to. Zip format, unpack it and place it in an unexpected installation directory on drive C, as shown in the figure for installing Ubuntu-20.04

Run Ubuntu2004.exe and set the user name and password as prompted, as with other distributions

Ubuntu2004.exe can be used to configure the subsystem. If you forget the root password, run ubuntu2004 config –default-user root to configure the default user root, open the subsystem, and run the passwd command to reset the password
If the WSL system file has been installed on drive C and you want to migrate the WSL system file to another drive, you can export the WSL system, log out of the SYSTEM, and then import the WSL system file. When importing the WSL system file, specify the path for storing the system file, and set the default user

Execute in sequence:
```
WSL --export ubuntu-20.04 d:\ ubuntu20.04.tar WSL --unregister Ubuntu-20.04 WSL --import ubuntu-20.04 d:\ ubuntu-20.04 D :\ ubuntu20.04.tar --version 2 Ubuntu2004 config --default-user UsernameCopy the code
```

Configuring the Development Environment

Install the Java

Install using package manager, such as Ubuntu with apt command
```
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk
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```
You can also use the installation package, which can be downloaded from tsinghua University open Source software image site
Run the tar command to decompress the installation package to the specified directory

For example, the downloaded package is openjdk8u-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_8u292b10.tar. gz
```
tar -zxvf ./OpenJDK8U-jdk_x64_linux_hotspot_8u292b10.tar.gz -C ./jdk
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```

Change the name of the extracted folder, such as jdk8u292-b10 folder

mkdir ./jdk8
mv ./jdk8u292-b10/* ./jdk8
rm -rf ./jdk8u292-b10
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Install maven

Download The Apache Maven installation package from the Official website

Run the decompression installation command

The tar ZXVF. / apache maven - 3.8.1 - bin. Tar. GzCopy the code

Modifying folder Names

/maven rm -rf apache-maven-3.8.1/*./maven rm -rf apache-maven-3.8.1Copy the code

Installation Node. Js

Visit the website to download the installation package, download | Node. Js

Run the decompression installation command

Xz tar - XVF./node-v14.17.4-linux-x64.tar.xz tar - XVF./node-v14.17.4-linux-x64.tar.xzCopy the code

Change to an appropriate folder name, such as node

Configuring environment Variables

Winodws appends environment variables to WSL by default, as follows

Create the wsl.conf file in the etc directory
```
sudo touch /etc/wsl.conf
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```
Use the vim command to open it and add the configuration
```
[interop]
appendWindowsPath = false
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```

Profile file in the user directory and add the environment variable configuration to the bin directory

export PATH=$PATH:~/jdk/jdk8/bin
export PATH=$PATH:~/maven/bin
export PATH=$PATH:~/node/bin
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Use the following command to test whether the configuration is successful

Java -version # Print the Java version. MVN -v # Print the Maven version. Node -v # Print the Node versionCopy the code

Configure the ZSH terminal

Install the ZSH
```
sudo apt install zsh
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```
Set ZSH as the default shell
```
chsh -s /bin/zsh
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```

Install onmyzsh, default download to ~/. Oh-my-zsh

sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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Installing a plug-in

Type ZSH to switch to the ZSH terminal and pull the plugins to ~/. Oh-my-zsh /custom/plugins

#Syntax highlighting plugin
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
#Autoprompt plug-in
git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions  ~/.oh-my-zsh/custom/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
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Configure the ~ /. ZSHRC

vi ~/.zshrc
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The edited content is as follows

#Add the name of the installed plug-in in parentheses after the plugins
#Git is its own display git information plug-in, z is its own automatic jump path plug-in
plugins=(	git
			z 
            zsh-autosuggestions 
            zsh-syntax-highlighting
         )
#Make the configuration in.profile take effect
source ~/.profile
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To save the edit, run the source ~/ ZSHRC command for. ZSHRC to take effect

Configuring Windows Proxy

On Windows, network applications in the WSL can be accessed through localhost (a later Version of Windows is required)

To use a Windows agent in the WSL, do the following

Test whether the WSL can ping a Windows host

If no, run the following command on the administrator command line interface (CLI) to add firewall rules
```
New-NetFirewallRule -DisplayName "WSL" -Direction Inbound  -InterfaceAlias "vEthernet (WSL)"  -Action Allow
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```
You can also manually add rules as follows

Open Windows Firewall Advanced Settings

Create an inbound rule, select Custom => all programs, and set other Settings by default. The scope setting interface is as follows

Add the IP address of the WSL to the remote IP address. The subnet mask is usually /20
Obtain the WIndows host IP address

Windows IP is saved in /etc/resolv.conf
```
cat /etc/resolv.conf|grep nameserver|awk '{print $2}'
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```
Set the proxy tool to LAN visible. Proxy tools without this setting can set the listening address to 0.0.0.0

Configure the global proxy in. Profile

export WIN_SOCKS_PORT=1089
export WIN_IP=`cat /etc/resolv.conf|grep nameserver|awk '{print $2}'`
export HTTP_PROXY=socks5://$WIN_IP:$WIN_SOCKS_PORT
export HTTPS_PROXY=socks5://$WIN_IP:$WIN_SOCKS_PORT
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Test whether the agent is in effect
```
curl cip.cc
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```

Configure proxyChains command line proxy tool

Install proxychains4

sudo apt install proxychains4
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Open /etc/proxychains4.conf and note the number of lines on which socks5 is set, mostly line 115

# add proxy here ...
# meanwile
# defaults set to "tor"Socks5 172.21.112.1 1089Copy the code

Set up proxyChains configuration in. Profile

export WIN_IP=`cat /etc/resolv.conf | grep nameserver | awk '{ print $2 }'`
export WIN_SOCKS_PORT=1089
#The sed command writes the proxy configuration to line 115 of proxyChains4
sudo sed -i "157c socks5 $WIN_IP $WIN_SOCKS_PORT" /etc/proxychains4.conf
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Test proxychains

proxychains curl cip.cc
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WSL introduction

Install WSL2

Configuring the Development Environment

Configure the ZSH terminal

Configuring Windows Proxy

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