R language basics:
R language basic understanding and entry into the rapid
R is the language and operating environment for statistical analysis and mapping. R is a free, free, open source software for the GNU system. It is an excellent tool for statistical calculation and statistical mapping.
The development history
R is a branch of S language, widely used in statistics, which was born around 1980. You can think of R as an implementation of the S language. S language is an interpretive language developed by AT&T Bell LABS for data exploration, statistical analysis and mapping. The initial implementation of the S language was mainly S-Plus. S-plus is commercial software based on the S language and further refined by MathSoft Inc. ‘S Computer Science Division. Later Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka of the University of Auckland in New Zealand and other volunteers developed an R system. The R Development core team is in charge of development. R can be seen as an implementation of the S language developed by RickBecker, JohnChambers, and AllanWilks of AT&T BellLaboratories. Of course,S is also the basis of S-Plus. As a result, the two programs are almost identical in syntax, perhaps with minor functional differences. Programs can be easily ported into one program, and many programs of one can be applied to R with minor modifications.
Features of R language
As a statistical analysis software, R integrates statistical analysis and graphic display. It can run on UNIX,Windows and Macintosh operating systems, and embedded with a very convenient and practical help system. Compared with other statistical analysis software, R has the following characteristics:
1.R is free software. That means it’s completely free and open source. You can download any related installers, source code, packages, source code, and documentation on its web site and images. The standard installation file itself comes with many modules and built-in statistics functions, which can be directly installed to implement many common statistics functions.
R is a programmable language. As an open statistical programming environment, the syntax is easy to understand, easy to learn and master the syntax of the language. And once we learn it, we can write our own functions to extend existing languages. This is why it updates much faster than general statistical software, such as SPSS,SAS, etc. Most of the latest statistical methods and techniques are available directly in R.
- All R functions and data sets are stored in packages. Only when a package is loaded can its contents be accessed. Some common, basic packages have been included in the standard installation file, and the packages included in the standard installation file have changed from version to version as new statistical analysis methods have emerged. In the other version of the installation file, has included: base – R basic module, MLE – maximum likelihood estimation module, TS time series analysis module, MVA – multivariate statistical analysis module, SURVIVAL – survival analysis module and so on.
4.R is highly interactive. In addition to graphics output is in another window, its input and output Windows are carried out in the same window, if there is an error in the input grammar will be prompt in the window immediately, on the previous input command has memory function, can be reproduced at any time, edit and modify to meet the needs of users. The output graphics can be directly saved as JPG,BMP,PNG and other image formats, and can also be directly saved as PDF files. In addition, there are good interfaces with other programming languages and databases.
5. If you join R’s help mailing list I, you may receive dozens of emails about R every day. Can discuss various issues with the world’s leading experts in statistical computing, can be said to be the world’s largest and most cutting-edge statistician thinking gathering place.
R is a GNU project based on S language, so it can also be used as an implementation of S language. Generally, code written in S language can run in R environment without modification. The syntax for R comes from Scheme. The use of R has many similarities with s-Plus, and there is some compatibility between the two languages. The manual of S-Plus can be used as the manual of R with minor modification. So some people say: R, is a “clone” of S-Plus.
But don’t forget: R is free. R language source code is hosted on Github, see Resources for details.
Downloads of the R language can be found through a mirror of CRAN.
The R language has six download addresses with the domain name.cn, two of which are provided by Datagurn, provided by the University of Science and Technology of China. R language for Windows edition, which is provided by Datagurn and USTC.
Official website of Ali Yun University (Official website of Ali Yun University, Innovative Talent Workshop under cloud Ecology)