This is the 23rd day of my participation in the August More Text Challenge.More challenges in August

1. Introduction

In the process of work or study, there are many times when we come into contact with Linux, and then want to try it out for ourselves, but because we have not learned the system, it is inevitable that we will encounter many difficulties in creating our own work environment. This blog was created to prevent people from stepping on the same holes I did. This blog will mainly from the system setup, common software installation, development environment construction, system beautification several aspects, teach you how to build your own Ubuntu (based on Ubuntu 20.04.4LTS) working environment from scratch.

Let me show you my own working environment:

  • desktop

  • Program dock

  • file

2. System Settings

2.1 Changing the Mirror Source

The official sources will be replaced with domestic mirror sources, such as Ali, Huawei, netease, etc.

Open software and updates, and then choose download from other sites, select the mirror source site you want to set up, you can also click on the right to select the best server, according to your area and then automatically select the fastest network speed;

2.2 Installation Updates

After the source is changed, run the following command to update the system:

sudo apt update
sudo apt-get  upgrade
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2.3 Using the Local Time Zone

If you use two systems, the time may be incorrect. You can run the following command to make Ubuntu use the local time zone.

timedatectl set-local-rtc 1
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2.4 Uninstalling Its Own Useless Software

The “useless” software mentioned here varies from person to person. The author only provides suggestions. The list of uninstalled software is as follows (there may be some unusable software not listed, readers can decide whether to uninstall it or not, and can reinstall it if it is useful after uninstalling).

  • Thunderbird comes with mail
  • Rhythmbox music
  • Gnome-mahjongg matchplay
  • Gnome – mines, mine clearance
  • Gnome – sudoku sudoku
  • Aisleriot CARDS
  • Simple – scan scanner
  • Onboard keyboard
  • Brasero Disc poor tool
  • Cheese and eggplant camera
  • Libreoffice suite, using WPS instead

3. Install common software

3.1 input method

  • Sogou input method for Linux

The software is jointly developed by sogou Input method team and Ubuntu Kylin team to meet our daily input needs.

  • The installation

You are advised to download the installation package and install it. The downloaded installation package is as follows:

Then open the terminal in the current folder and enter the following command to install;

Sudo DPKG -i sogoupinyin_2. 3.1.0112 _amd64. DebCopy the code

Go to Settings – > Regions and Languages and click on the installed language;

Set the keyboard input method tofcitx, and then apply to the entire system, and then log off or restart can be used;

  • Pay attention to

Dependency problems may occur during the installation. After the preceding command is executed, run the following command on the terminal to rectify the dependency installation and run the preceding installation command again.

sudo apt-get --fix-broken install
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3.2 browser

  • As for Chrome, Ubuntu comes with Firefox, but I’m more used to Chrome, which is the most popular browser in the world. Microsoft’s New Edge browser is also good, but it doesn’t support Linux yet. Further support may follow.

  • The installation

You are advised to use the deb installation package, download the installation package, and then run the following command on the local terminal to install.

sudo dpkg -i google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb 
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  • The finished product

3.3 QQ

Download the installation package from the official website and run the following command on the terminal to install it.

Sudo DPKG -i linuxqq_2. 0.0 - b2-1082 _amd64. DebCopy the code

  • The finished product

3.4 WeChat

  • The installation

It is recommended to use the web version here. Although the Wine version is available online, there are many bugs, so it is recommended to use the web version.

  • Create shortcuts

Open the webpage version of wechat, and then open the browser Settings in more tools -> Create a shortcut, and then on the desktop will appear a shortcut, trust can;

  • The finished product

3.5 Music Player

  • Netease Cloud Music

As netease’s music software, although the copyright problem has lost many users, it is becoming more and more popular among users. And we listen to music after study and work, relax and adjust the body is also very good.

  • The installation

Download the Linux installation package and run the following command to install it on the UE.

Sudo DPKG -i netease - cloud - music_1. 2.1 _amd64_ubuntu_20190428. DebCopy the code

  • The finished product

3.6 Screenshot Tool

  • Flameshot, a new tool for tagging, blurring, and uploading to imgur.
  • The installation
sudo apt install flameshot
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  • Set shortcut keys

Enter Settings -> Device -> Keyboard, then slide to the bottom and there will be A + button. Click + Add custom shortcut and set the name and command. Then click Add in the upper right corner to set the screenshot shortcut you want, for example, Ctrl + Alt + A, as shown below.

  • The finished product

3.7 Picture editor

  • Gimp

GIMP stands for the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GNU Image Manipulation Program). GIMP is a powerful free photo and Image Manipulation and creation tool developed by Peter Mattis and Spencer Kimhall. Support a variety of image processing tools, full channel, multi-level undo operation restore old appearance and image modification and other functions. It supports a large number of plug-ins, which are comparable to Photoshop, the famous image processing software under Windows platform.

  • The installation

Run the following command to install it.

sudo apt-get install gimp
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  • The finished product

3.8 Word Processing

  • WPS

Ubuntu has its own LibreOffice suite, but it is recommended to use WPS here, which is more in line with the usage habits of Chinese people.

  • The installation

Download the installation package and run the following command on the local terminal to install it.

Sudo DPKG -i WPS - office_11. 1.0.9505 _amd64. DebCopy the code

  • The finished product

3.9 Markdown editor

  • Typora

As a minimalist Markdown editor, it combines writing and preview. Support table, code editing, drag and drop illustrations, very easy to use; Reasons to like it: beautiful, free, and cross-platform;

  • The installation

Run the following commands in sequence to install it.

wget -qO - https://typora.io/linux/public-key.asc | sudo apt-key add - sudo add-apt-repository ' deb https://typora.io/linux ./' sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install typoraCopy the code

  • The finished product

3.10 Document Reader

  • Okular

Can be said to be the best PDF reader in Linux, but also support common CHM, EPub format documents view;

  • The installation

Run the following command on the terminal to install it.

sudo apt-get install okular
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  • The finished product

3.11 Mind mapping

  • XMind

XMind is one of the tools that people like to do a general mind map before they do anything or write, and then refine each part according to the mind map.

  • The installation

After downloading the installation package, use the following command line in the terminal to install it.

Sudo DPKG -i XMind - 2020 - for - Linux - amd - 64 - bit - 10.1.2-202004142327. DebCopy the code

  • The finished product

3.12 Multimedia player

  • VLC

Supports a wide range of audio and video decoders and file formats, as well as DVD, VCD and various streaming protocols. It can also be used as a unicast or Multicast streaming server over IPv4 or IPv6 high-speed network connections. The combination of the FFmpeg decoder and the libDVdCSS library enables it to play multimedia files and encrypt DVDS, making it the best multimedia player for Linux.

  • The installation

Run the following command on the terminal to install it.

sudo snap install vlc
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  • The finished product

3.13 Screen recording software

  • Kazam

Compact and powerful, easy to install, you can choose to record in a region, or choose to record in full screen, and also have a screenshot function;

  • The installation

Run the following command on the terminal to install:

sudo apt install kazam
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  • The finished product

3.14 Video editing software

  • OpenShot

OpenShot is a versatile video editor for Linux that helps you create videos with transitions and effects.

  • The installation

Run the following command on the terminal to install it.

sudo apt install openshot
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  • The finished product

3.15 Downloading Tools

  • uGet

Uget (original name: Urlgfe) is a free and open source download manager based on GTK+. It is cross-platform (Windows and GNU/Linux) and supports breakpoint continuation and classified download. Uget also has multithreaded download capability.

  • The installation
sudo apt-get install uget
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  • The finished product

4. Development environment construction

4.1 the git installed

Run the following command on the terminal to install it.

sudo apt install git
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4.2 the Node. Js installed

  • The installation

Download the corresponding version of the package from Taobao image source, and decompress to the path you want to save, for example, mine is /home/cunyu/soft/node-v12.16.2;

  • configuration

After installation (decompression), configure it in the /etc/profile configuration file.

Export NODEJS_HOME = / home/cunyu/soft/node - v12.16.2 export PATH = $NODEJS_HOME/bin: $PATHCopy the code
  • Change taobao mirror source
npm config set registry http://registry.npm.taobao.org/
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  • validation
node -v
npm -v
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4.3 JDK installation

  • The installation

First download the JDK version you want to install, then unzip to the local, move to the location you want to save;

The tar - ZXVF JDK - 11.0.7 _linux - x64_bin. Tar. GzCopy the code

  • configuration

Open the /etc/profile profile and add the following content.

Export JAVA_HOME = / home/cunyu/Soft/jdk11.0.7 export PATH = $JAVA_HOME: $PATHCopy the code

  • validation

After the installation and configuration, run the following command on the terminal to check whether the installation is successful.

#Check the version
java -version
#compile
java
#perform
javac
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4.4 MiniConda installation

  • The installation

Download the installation package of the corresponding version (version 3.7 is used as an example), and grant the execution permission on the TERMINAL.

chmod +x Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh 

sh Miniconda3-latest-Linux-x86_64.sh 
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After executing, you will be asked to read the related permissions, and then enter yes, and then you will be asked to specify the installation directory, the default is to directly press Enter, and finally wait for the installation can be;

  • configuration

Open the ~/.bashrc file and add the following content to it;

# note that input your own installation directory miniConda export PATH = "/ home/cunyu/miniconda3 / bin:" $PATHCopy the code
  • validation

4.5 the MySQL installation

The latest version

  • The installation
sudo apt-get install mysql-server
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  • Example Set the password of user root

After the installation is complete, you can log in to the system directly. The root user does not have a password. If you need to enter a password, press Enter.

myslq -u root -p
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After login, run the following command to change the password of user root, and log out again and enter the new password.

SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@localhost = PASSWORD(' PASSWORD you want to SET ');Copy the code

Specify the version

  • Run the following command to view the available versions:
apt-cache search mysql | grep mysql-server
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  • Then use the following command to install;
Sudo apt install mysql server - 5.7Copy the code

Pay attention to

If you need to add sudo to login, login through sudo and run the following command to update, you can exit and do not need to use sudo login again

use mysql;
select User,Host,plugin from user;
update user set Plugin='mysql_native_password'
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4.6 VS Code Installation

  • The installation

Download the installation package and run the following command on the terminal to install it.

Sudo DPKG -i code_1. 44.2-1587059832 _amd64. DebCopy the code

  • The finished product

4.7 IntelliJ IDEA Installation

  • The installation

Download the installation package from the official website and decompress it.

Tar - ZXVF ideaIU 2020.1. Tar. GzCopy the code

Go to the IDEA/bin directory and run idea.sh.

  • Generate shortcuts

After opening IDEA, go to Configure -> Create Desktop Entry and enter the password of user root.

4.8 Pycharm installation

  • The installation

Download the installation package from the official website and decompress it.

The tar - ZXVF pycharm - professional - 2020.1. Tar. GzCopy the code

Go to the Pycharm/bin directory and run Pycharm.

  • Generate shortcuts

After turning on Pycharm, go to Configure -> Create Desktop Entry and enter the root password.

5. System beautification

5.1 Grub beautification

  • For readers with dual – or multi-system installations who want their startup page to look a little better, you can’t miss it.

Go here and select your favorite theme and install it. In this case, I chose grub-theme-vimix.

  • The installation

Clone grub-theme-vimix to a local PC and run the following command to install it:

sudo ./install.sh -t -2 -b
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5.2 Beautify the Lock screen

Directly modify the relevant configuration file: / etc/alternatives/gdm3 CSS, then modify the code of # lockDialogGroup as follows;

#lockDialogGroup {
  background: #2c001e       
  url(file:///home/cunyu/imgs/lock.png);
  background-size: cover;
  background-repeat: no-repeat;
  background-position: center;
}
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5.3 Installing the Beautification Tool

Before beautification, you need to install gnOMe-tweak -tool.

sudo apt-get install gnome-tweak-tool
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5.4 Theme Installation

  • download

I recommend using this macOS-style theme, download link;

  • The installation

After decompressing the downloaded package, go to the /usr/share/themes directory.

5.5 Icon Installation

  • download

Recommend this icon, download link;

  • The installation

Unpack the downloaded package and move it to the /usr/share/icons directory.

5.6 Terminal Installation

  • The installation

Ubuntu comes with a terminal that is already powerful, but I recommend using ZSH;

Run the following command on the terminal to install it.

sudo apt install zsh
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  • Make it the default Shell
chsh -s /usr/bin/zsh
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  • beautify

Install oh-my-zsh, using any of the following commands;

# via crul
sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
# via wget
sh -c "$(wget -O- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"
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You can also run the following command to install it.

git clone git://github.com/robbyrussell/oh-my-zsh.git  ~/.oh-my-zsh
cp ~/.oh-my-zsh/templates/zshrc.zsh-template ~/.zshrc
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After the installation is complete, configure ZSH by opening the ~/.zshrc configuration file.

Go to the theme list, select your favorite theme, and then change to your favorite theme in the above configuration, for example, my theme is Powerlevel10k, use the following command to download, Then in the ZSHRC file configuration ZSH_THEME = “powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k”.

git clone --depth=1 https://gitee.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k
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The theme will be garbled, so you need to install the font, go to the font download link to choose the font you like to download, and then double-click the installation, and then go to the terminal Settings to set the font as one of the fonts just installed, and then restart the terminal.

  • Plug-in installation

    • zsh-syntax-highlighting: syntax highlighting;
    git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting
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    • zsh-autosuggestions: automatic completion;
    git clone git://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions $ZSH_CUSTOM/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions
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Topic # ZSH_THEME = "powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k" # # # plug-in git ZSH - syntax highlighting - input will be green highlighted correctly, Errors will display other colors # git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ~/. Oh-my-zsh # zsh-autosuggestions Git clone ://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ~/. Oh-my-zsh # plugins=(git zsh-syntax-highlighting zsh-autosuggestions extract z )Copy the code

6. Summary

Now that the Ubuntu18.04 installation is over, you’re free to tinker with QAQ.