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Hawking once said, “In my lifetime, I have witnessed profound changes in society. One of the most profound changes, and one that will have an increasing impact on humanity, is the rise of artificial intelligence.” At the age of 76, Stephen Hawking has passed away forever. Born on the 300th anniversary of Galileo’s death, leaving on the birthday of Einstein, they say that interesting souls will meet. Will there be a new life born in some small corner of the world today? In the days to come, continue to move forward toward your distance.
The rise of ARTIFICIAL intelligence, he said, could be either the best thing that ever happened to humanity or the end of civilization.
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Stephen Hawking agrees: The brain is no different from a computer
Hawking believes there is no essential difference between what a biological brain can achieve and what a computer can achieve. AI follows the principle that computers can theoretically mimic human intelligence and then surpass it.
Hawking said recent developments in artificial intelligence, such as the computer’s victory over the human brain in chess and Go, show that the human brain is not fundamentally different from a computer.
Hawking worries: Out of control
On the one hand, Hawking worries that some people will use AI to do bad things, such as maximizing the use of intelligent autonomous weapons, which will fuel war and terrorism and increase world instability.
Hawking, on the other hand, is most concerned about the potential for artificial intelligence systems to explode out of control, once untethered and redesigning themselves in an ever-accelerating state. Humans, limited by long biological evolution, are unable to compete and will be replaced. By then, ARTIFICIAL intelligence could be the end of human civilization.
Hawking’s advice: Interdisciplinary
Hawking said in his speech that it is still uncertain whether the rise of artificial intelligence is good or bad. Hawking believes that the development of artificial intelligence is itself a trend with problems that must be addressed now and in the future.
But Hawking called for all of us to pause for a moment, as ai research and development advances rapidly, and shift our research away from advancing AI’s capabilities to maximizing its social benefits.
Hawking also suggested that interdisciplinary research is a possible way forward for AI: extending from economics, law and philosophy to computer security, formal methods and, of course, the various branches of AI itself.
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In the last years of Hawking’s life
Memorabilia about artificial intelligence
Stephen Hawking in 2014: Artificial Intelligence or the last event in human history
Hawking made his concerns clear in an article for The Independent in May 2014, after watching the new film Transcendence starring Depp.
Hawking’s concerns are not just about future AI technologies, but even about today’s companies like Google and Facebook. “The short-term impact of AI depends on who controls it, and the long-term impact depends on whether it can be controlled,” he said.
Hawking acknowledged that robots and other artificial intelligence devices may bring great benefits to humanity. If those devices are designed to be very successful, they could be of great benefit to humanity. He said it would be the biggest event in human history. However, he warned that AI could also be the last event in human history.
“When ARTIFICIAL intelligence reaches its peak, we will face either the best or the worst thing in human history,” he said.
Hawking has tried to draw attention to the power of science fiction to blind us before. It sometimes obscures an important point, which is that the end result can cause havoc.
On the evening of June 16, hawking appeared on HBO’s “Last Week Tonight” show, where he had a “profound and meaningful conversation” with host John Oliver.
“Artificial intelligence could be a real danger in the not too distant future,” Hawking told the host that night.
By December 2014, In an interview with the BBC, Hawking said, “There is no doubt that making machines that can think is a great existential threat to the human race. When artificial intelligence is fully developed, it will be the end of mankind.”
This has put Hawking back in the headlines in the UK, stirring up dark, dystopian fantasies about ARTIFICIAL intelligence.
From the late 1960s science-fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey, an intelligent robot named HAL 9000 goes awry and attacks humans on a spaceship bound for Jupiter; In I, Robot, a versatile humanoid machine seems to have a mind; Until the Terminator series, the future is ruled by robots, and the human leaders who resist the rule are hunted by future robots.
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Stephen Hawking in 2015: Calling for a ban on artificial intelligence weapons
That year, Hawking, Tesla CEO Elon Musk and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak were among hundreds of professionals who signed a petition calling for a ban on AI weapons.
If any military force pushes ahead with the development of AI weapons, a global arms race is inevitable, the letter said. Unlike nuclear energy, which requires high costs and hard-to-obtain raw materials, AI weapons can be easily adopted by various military forces once developed.
The letter said a ban on AI weapons must be enacted as soon as possible to avoid an arms race, rather than “the significance of population control.”
Stephen Hawking in 2016: The rise of artificial intelligence or mass unemployment
In an interview with renowned US journalist Larry King in June 2016, Hawking said ai should be developed in accordance with ethical and safety measures, because machines beyond human control are difficult to stop.
He believes that beneficial ARTIFICIAL intelligence will appear in all aspects of human life. “Imagine ai that can quickly evaluate scientists’ ideas, detect cancer earlier, and predict stock market movements! They will affect our economy, they will affect our decisions and they will affect our lives in general.”
In October 2016, Hawking established the Liverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (LCFI), an interdisciplinary research institute in Cambridge, England, to address some of the unanswered questions that have emerged from the rapid development of ARTIFICIAL intelligence research. The Liverhulme Center for Intelligent Futures is dedicated to the future of intelligence, spending a lot of time studying history and looking in depth. An important part of LCFI’s mission is to address AI risks and solve AI challenges.
In his speech, Hawking said: “Powerful AI could be the best or worst thing that could happen to humanity, and we really don’t know how it will turn out.”
In his speech, Hawking criticized the unchecked development of ARTIFICIAL intelligence, arguing that the technology does promise great benefits, such as eradicating disease and poverty, but it can also bring dangers, such as powerful autonomous weapons or helping the few oppress the many.
“Every aspect of our lives will change. All in all, the success of creating AI could be the biggest event in the history of our civilization.” Hawking said.
In a column in the Guardian in December, Hawking said: “Automation in factories has already put many traditional manufacturing workers out of work, but the rise of ARTIFICIAL intelligence will extend unemployment to the middle class of society. In the future, only a few jobs will be left, such as nursing, innovation and supervision.”
Will there be consequences if this trend continues? Hawking believes that robots taking jobs from people will cause greater social inequality, and that automation will “accelerate the widening of already growing economic inequalities around the world, where the Internet and platforms allow a small number of people to make huge profits with a small number of people.” It is inevitable, it is progress, but it will also wreak havoc on society and eventually ‘rip it apart’.
Moreover, the Internet has opened the eyes of the poor to upper-class lifestyles, which, when compared with their own circumstances, have allowed endless rage to take root throughout society.
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Stephen Hawking in 2017: A final warning
In an interview with The Times in March 2017, Hawking once again warned that “further development of ARTIFICIAL intelligence could destroy humanity through nuclear or biological warfare. Humanity needs to use logic and reason to control future threats.”
In April, Hawking sent a video for the 2017 Global Mobile Internet Conference (GMIC) held in Beijing, and delivered a keynote speech entitled “Making AI Benefit People and the Homes they Live in”. In this keynote speech, Hawking once again mentioned the issue of ARTIFICIAL intelligence. He believes that the rise of artificial intelligence is likely to lead to the eventual end of human civilization.
At the fifth Tencent WE conference held in November, Hawking made a remote video appearance at the conference and talked about his thoughts on artificial intelligence.
In the video, Hawking believes that humans are likely to create super artificial intelligence that can completely surpass humans and possibly replace them as a new species of life. Hawking said, “I fear that ARTIFICIAL intelligence will completely replace human beings. If someone can design a computer virus, someone will design an ARTIFICIAL intelligence that can improve and replicate itself. This could lead to a whole new form of life that is capable of surpassing humans.”
Speaking at the Great Wall Society event on December 13, 2017, Hawking said that it is not clear whether the rise of artificial intelligence is good or bad for human beings, but it is certain that human beings must do their utmost to ensure that the development of ARTIFICIAL intelligence is beneficial to human beings and the environment. This is hawking’s last public statement on artificial intelligence, and a final warning.
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Finally, Hawking’s message to the world is, “We stand at the entrance to a Brave New World. It is an exciting and uncertain world, and you are the pioneers. I bless you.”
Artificial intelligence will make or destroy mankind, waiting for mankind to continue to write.
Hawking left behind this thousand-year prophecy to sit and watch in another universe.
Artificial intelligence, sincerity book list
No.1 Artificial Intelligence Deep Learning 2018 new book
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Probability Graph Model based on R language explains how to master probability graph model PGM, how to understand how computers solve real-world problems through Bayesian models, and how to choose appropriate R packages and algorithms to prepare data and build models.
Algorithms on Text: Natural Language Processing in its simplest form explains natural language processing and machine learning techniques. The technical books are well received by readers, and have been read more than 300,000 times on Weibo
PyMOL Community active in Python Bayesian Analysis Discover the power of Python Bayesian analysis!
Insights from 25 prominent data scientists in Data Scientist Interviews
NO2 Artificial intelligence deep learning: Deep learning, Tensorflow
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“Deep Learning” AI Bible, the foundation of the field of deep learning classic bestseller, Tesla CEO Elon Musk and many experts at home and abroad recommended!
The Essentials of Deep Learning (Based on R) uses unsupervised learning to build automated prediction and classification models based on R language practice
TensorFlow1.1 features face recognition speech recognition image and speech combination and other hot spots, li Hang, Yu Kai and other artificial intelligence experts recommended!
“TensorFlow Machine learning Project Combat” the second generation of machine learning combat guide, providing deep learning neural network and other projects combat, effectively improve the speed and efficiency of the project.
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NO.3 Artificial Intelligence machine learning: Python, Machine learning, Data Science.
The Practical Guide to Python Machine Learning combines the two hot fields of machine learning and the Python language by leveraging two core machine learning algorithms to do data analysis in Python.
Python Machine Learning — Core Algorithms for Predictive Analysis explores machine learning from an algorithmic and Python implementation perspective.
“Machine Learning Practice and Application” is a masterpiece of Ali machine learning experts, sharing practical experience. Based on Ali Cloud machine learning platform, a complete solution has been built for 7 specific business scenarios.
NLTK Basic Tutorial — Building Machine learning Applications with NLTK and Python Libraries explains how to implement complex NLP tasks and machine learning applications by combining NLTK libraries with some Python libraries.
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Microsoft Azure Machine Learning and Predictive Analytics Learn about the new Microsoft Azure Machine Learning service. Learn practical skills to efficiently build and deploy predictive models.
Machine Learning and Data Science (R Based Approaches to Statistical Learning) provides data scientists with tools and techniques to use in the field of statistical learning.
Web Applications for Machine Learning by Davide Cervellin, head of EU Analytics at eBay, is the definitive guide to building machine learning systems on the Web.
“Practical Machine learning” uses R language to guide readers to master the actual machine learning for new problems, new data selection and the use of machine learning algorithms.
No.4 Artificial intelligence algorithm strategy: Algorithm, neural network, natural language processing, recommendation system, system algorithm, image algorithm, Bayesian, probabilistic programming, mathematical algorithm, etc.
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Neural Network Algorithms and Implementation — Based on the Java Language provides a complete demonstration of the process of developing neural networks using Java, with both very basic and advanced examples.
More than 50 examples of “Fun Algorithms” show the design, implementation, complexity analysis and optimization process of algorithms to cultivate algorithm thinking and bring you to experience the beauty of algorithms.
“Algorithm puzzles” Google, Facebook and other first-class IT companies algorithm interview essential, classic algorithm puzzles collection.
The Python Algorithm tutorial is the author of the bestselling Python basics tutorial.
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The method of programming: Interviews and algorithms, programmer interview tips, written by Blogger July.
Fun Algorithms is a fun, easy to learn, and practical book that helps readers get started quickly with applications.
Java Genetic Algorithm Programming Genetic Algorithm Design Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Voice from Java experts Use genetic algorithms to solve classic problems like travel agents.
“Algorithm learning and Application from entry to mastery” 320 examples, 753 minutes of video, 5 comprehensive cases, 74 technical puzzles, the capacity of a book, explained the categories, examples and project practical class of three types of books.
Artificial intelligence temporal image and visual recognition: Image recognition, speech recognition, natural language processing, MATLAB modeling engineering.
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“OpenCV and Visual Studio Image Recognition Application Development” unmanned face recognition basic technology with OpenCV image processing application computer vision programming combat manual.
“Face recognition principle and algorithm – dynamic face recognition system research” introduces the dynamic scene of the face recognition method, the method of comprehensive application of face positioning, face recognition, video processing and other algorithms.
Learn how to design and build applications for NLP using Python.
Python Natural Language Processing is based on the Python programming language and NLTK, a practical primer in the field of natural language processing.
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“Bayesian Methods: Probabilistic Programming and Bayesian Inference” machine learning Artificial intelligence data analysis practitioners skill base International outstanding machine learning expert Dr. Kai Yu, Tencent expert researcher Dr. Yading Yue recommended.
Bayesian Thinking: The Python Approach to Statistical Modeling By Think Stats and Think Python Book Author Data Analyst Data engineer Data scientist
Introduction by Stuart Russell, a pioneer in the field of artificial intelligence and professor at the University of California, Berkeley. An incredible Scala probability programming practice book!
Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence Reference book written in the Java language.
This article is reprinted from wechat official account: Jingxiong AI Frontier, edited by Ayesha, Stephen Hawking: Artificial Intelligence or the Last Event in Human History
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