Set up Git service on personal server and create your own private repository

preface

Install git services on your personal VPS. All the content of this article is carried out under the Ubuntu 14.04 system of Aliyun ECS.

background

Configuring the Server

What information is the developer of the original version of the most clear and comprehensive, first Po reference article: “Git official documentation – server on the Git- configuration server” in fact, the above is enough comprehensive, but for small white, or can not be very good understanding, here I will supplement perfect. PS: The following is a general convention

Terminal A is the git-bash or other terminal for logging in to the remote server. Terminal B is the git-bash or other terminal for local operations

Install and configure the Git tool on the Linux server

Install git tools:

Update the installation source
$ sudo apt-get update
Install git tools
$ sudo apt-get install git
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The git configuration:

git config --global user.name "Your Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"
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Git configuration:

git config --list
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Create a Linux server user and add an SSH trust

Create a new git user for your Linux server. My Linux server is a test server rented by ali. Log in as root user first and then operate the following. PS: the user prompt $in the code can be treated as #, because it is root superuser, not written as #, because it will become comment terminal A

$ adduser -d /home/git -m git  Git will be created if the user directory does not exist
Enter the password of the git user. This step will not be shown here
$ chmod 755 /home/git
$ su git
$ mkdir .ssh && chmod 700 .ssh
$ touch .ssh/authorized_keys && chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
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PS1: Once you have created a user, you will automatically create a folder in the /home/git directory corresponding to the user name. After the above operation, you will automatically create a folder in the /home/git directory. Assuming that we have established SSH trust with Github before, or have read my “One-click Deployment of front-end code to server” and can create the local SSH private key and public key files, let’s continue. Open a new git-bash terminal B to find our id_rsa.pub public key file directory and copy it remotely to the server: terminal B

$ cd ~/.ssh/
$ ls ./id_rsa.pub
$ scp ./id_rsa.pub [email protected]:/home/git
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Go back to terminal A and continue: Terminal A

$ su git  Switch to the git user
$ cd /home/git  Git user's home directory
$ cat ./id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys  # append id_rsa.pub to authorized_keys
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Log out of SSH and log in as the Git user again without entering the password of the git user

Test whether you can log in without password:

ssh -v git@SERVER
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Build a Git repository for the newly created Git user

Log in to the server remotely using SSH as the Git user:

$SSH [email protected] Linux creates a new repository for developers with the 'git init' command with the '--bare' option, which does not create a working directory when initializing the repository: 'sh $'cd /home/git  # The new repository will be located in a folder that is convenient for organization and management. I will directly place it in the home directory of git users
$ mkdir testProject.git Create a new repository directory
$ cd testProject.git Enter the new warehouse directory
$ git init --bare Initialize the new repository
Initialized empty Git repository in /home/git/testProject.git/
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At this point, a git repository exists in their server setup, the warehouse address is: [email protected]: / home/git/testProject. Git, a look, wow, with projects on making address format is the same! For example: [email protected]: ironmaxtory/ironmaxtory. Making. IO. Git, the in the mind is really exciting! Your own server’s /home/git repository is now like a small, humble Github repository, with the same ability to add new repositories and store new project code indefinitely.

Associate the Git repository on the operation server

After the above two steps, you can associate the git repository on the server and upload and save your own code:

$ cd testProject  # Enter your project code root directory locally first
$ git remote add tsOrigin [email protected]:/home/git/testProject.git  Add remote server repository and nickname it tsOrigin, different from origin repository on Github
$ git push tsOrigin master  Push code to remote repository
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Add multiplayer collaboration

This scenario is mandatory and common; the company’s project code is generally maintained by multiple people; Even if it’s not maintained by one person, the ultimate purpose of uploading to the test server is to download and upload the submission code on multiple computers, so add collaboration! Actually is also very simple, only need the cooperation of PC on the SSH public key appended to the git user buyers directory license key file/home/git /. SSH/authorized_keys can, using the cat command.

Restrict developers from remotely logging in to Linux servers

Note that currently all (authorized) developer users can log into the server as the system user Git to get a normal shell. With the help of a limited shell tool called Git-shell, you can easily limit the user’s Git activities to those related to Git. This tool comes with the Git package. If you set git-shell to user git’s login shell, user Git will not have normal shell access to this server. To use git-shell, you need to replace bash or CSH with it as the login shell for system users. To do this, you must first make sure that the git-shell exists in the /etc/shells file and add the location of the git-shell to the /etc/shells directory

$ cat /etc/shells   # see if `git-shell` is already in there. If not...
$ which git-shell   # make sure git-shell is installed on your system.
$ sudo vim /etc/shells  # and add the path to git-shell from last command
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You can then use CHSH

to change the shell of any system user:

$ sudo chsh git  # and enter the path to git-shell, usually: /usr/bin/git-shell
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In this way, the user git can only use SSH connection to push and pull the Git repository, but can not log in to the machine and get the ordinary shell. If you try to log in, you will find that the attempt is rejected, like this:

$ ssh [email protected]
fatal: Interactive git shell is not enabled.
hint: ~/git-shell-commands should exist and have read and execute access.
Connection to gitserver closed.
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Welfare dedication

Every time remote login should be such SSH [email protected], very troublesome to have? ! No domain name and more disgusting after the IP address complex? ! Let’s configure the domain name for the local server! Edit/c/Windows/system32 / drivers/etc directory hosts file, use editplus open can, add a line as follow:

114.xxx.xxx.xxx (space) ts.aliyun.com (return to line)Copy the code

Save exit, generally, does not work immediately. There are several solutions, but I used all of them anyway

1. Under DOS interface
   

   

2. Network configuration, add hosts file
   

   

   

3. Control Panel -> Administrative Tools -> Services ->DNS Client manual
   

   

In the future, this can be done:

ssh [email protected]
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