`react`

The installation

$ cnpm install -g create-react-app
$ create-react-app my-demo
$ cd my-demo/
$ npm start
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React official documents are easy to understand and will be used in the following lessons. I won’t repeat too much here.

`redux`

Redux describes state in terms of ordinary objects.

To change the data in state, initiate an action. Action is also a generic object that describes what happens. Forcing action to describe all changes makes it clear what has changed.

To string action and state together, develop a Reducer function that accepts the state and action and returns the new state. For large applications, it is not possible to write just one reducer function. We can have many small functions to manage a part of state and then use a reducer call to manage the entire state.

function todos1(state, action) {}
function todos2(state, action) {}

function reducerAll(state, action) {
  return {
    todos1: todos1(state.todos1, action),
    todos2: todos2(state.todos2, action),
  };
}
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The three principles

Single data source

The state of the entire application is stored in an object tree that exists in only one store.

`State`Is read-only

The only way to change state is to trigger an action. No view or network request can modify state directly, only the intent to modify it.

Use pure functions to perform modifications

Reducers describes how actions change the State tree.

The Reducer is a pure function that receives the old state and the action returns the new state.

At the beginning, only a Reducer can be written. As the application grows, it can be divided into several small reducers to operate different parts of the State tree respectively.

The basic concept

`Action`

throughstore.dispatch 将action(including data) tostore. isstoreThe only source of data.
Essentially,JavaScriptNormal object, must use a string of typetypeField saidThe action to be performed(No updatesstate). General willtypeDefined asString constant. Use separate modules or files for large projectsaction. Use a separate module or file for definitionaction type constantIt’s not necessaryYou don’t even need to define it. For small applications, use stringsaction type It’s more convenient. However, explicitly defining them as constants in large applications would do more good than harm.)
As far as possible inActionTo pass data.
ActionCreate a function: returnsactionThe function.

`Reducer`

Take the old state and action and return the new state.
It is important to keep reducer pure. Never do this in the Reducer (as long as the incoming parameters are the same, the next state returned must be the same. No special cases, no side effects, no API requests, no variable changes, just perform calculations. :
- Modify the passed parameter;
- Perform operations that have side effects, such asAPIRequest and route hops;
- Call an impure function, such asDate.now() 或 Math.random().
Note:
- Do not change thestate:
  - Object.assign({},state,{data})Because the value of the first parameter will change,Must beSet the first parameter to an empty object.
  - with{... state,... newState}To update the data.
- ** Return the old state in default: ** Always return the old state when an action is unknown.
Writing just one Reducer makes the code look verbose and can be split. Each Reducer is only responsible for part of the global state that he is responsible for. State parameters corresponding to each Reducer are different, respectively corresponding to the part of state data that he manages.
Combine reducer with combineReducers() tool class.
- CombineReducers receives an object and can put all top reducer functions into an independent file. Each reducer function is exposed through export. Then use import * as reducers to get an object with their name as the key:
```
import { combineReducers } from 'redux'
import * as reducers from './reducers'

const todoApp = combineReducers(reducers)
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```

`Store`

Action to describe what’s happening, and Reducers updates state based on action. A Store is an object to associate with Actions and reducers. Have the following responsibilities:

Sustainably appliedstate
providegetState()Methods to obtainstate
providedispatch(action)Methods the updatestate
throughsubscribe(listener)Register listeners
throughsubscribe(listener)The returned function unlogs the listener

ReduxThere is only one applicationstore. You should use it when you need to split fractionsreducerCombine rather than create multiplestore

Creating a store from reducer is easy:

Import {createStore} from 'redux' import todoApp from './reducers' // combineReducers Merge multiple reducers into a let store = createStore(todoApp)Copy the code

The second parameter to createStore is optional and sets the initial state. State can also be initialized using the state passed in by reducer. If state is not initialized, the state is undefined by default.

The data flow

Strict one-way data flow is at the heart of the Design of the Redux architecture.

The life cycle of data in a Redux application follows four steps:

callstore.dispatch(action): can be called from a specific location
Redux storeCall incomingreducerFunction.
The rootreducerShould put more than onereducer The outputMerged into a singlestateThe tree.
Redux storeSave the rootreducer The returnedcomplete stateThe tree.

The code to understand

Understand Redux with code. Create a React application with create-react-app.

scenario

Store stores array data CART, which is managed by Redux to realize adding, deleting and updating operations.

`Actions`

/ / SRC/actions/cartActions js / / define the action type character constants export const ADD_TO_CART = ADD_TO_CART "; export const DELETE_FROM_CART = "DELETE_FROM_CART"; export const UPDATE_CART = "UPDATE_CART"; Export function addToCart(product, quantity, unitCost) {return {type: ADD_TO_CART, payload: { product, quantity, unitCost }, }; } export function deleteFromCart(product) { return { type: DELETE_FROM_CART, payload: { product, }, }; } export function updateCart(product, quantity, unitCost) { return { type: UPDATE_CART, payload: { product, quantity, unitCost, }, }; }Copy the code

`Reducer`

// src/reducers/cartReducers.js import { ADD_TO_CART, UPDATE_CART, DELETE_FROM_CART, } from ".. /actions/cartActions"; // state initialdata const initialState = {cart: [{product: "bread 700g", quantity: 2, unitCost: 90,}, {product: "milk 500ml", quantity: 1, unitCost: 47, }, ], }; The first parameter passed by the reducer can be used to initialize state, Export default function (state = initialState, action) {switch (action.type) {case ADD_TO_CART: { return { ... state, cart: [...state.cart, action.payload], }; } case UPDATE_CART: { return { ... state, cart: state.cart.map((item) => item.product === action.payload.product ? action.payload : item ), }; } case DELETE_FROM_CART: { return { ... state, cart: state.cart.filter( (item) => item.product ! == action.payload.product ), }; } default: return state; }}Copy the code

Assume there are other reducer:

// src/reducers/productsReducer.js

export default function(state = [], action) {
  return state;
};

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Need to use combineReducers() to integrate:

// src/reducers/index.js

import {combineReducers} from 'redux'
import productsReducer from './productsReducer';
import cartReducer from './cartReducers'

const allReducers = {
  products: productsReducer,
  shoppingCart: cartReducer,
};

const rootReducer = combineReducers(allReducers);

export default rootReducer
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`store`

// src/store.js

import {createStore} from 'redux'
import rootReducer from './reducers/index'

let store = createStore(rootReducer);

export default store
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`dispatch`

import store from "./store"; import { addToCart,updateCart,deleteFromCart } from "./actions/cartActions"; console.log("initialState", store.getState()); // let unsubscribe = store.subscribe(() => console.log(store.getstate ()))); store.dispatch(addToCart("coffee 500gm", 1, 250)); store.dispatch(addToCart("flour 100g", 1, 250)); store.dispatch(addToCart("juice 2L", 1, 250)); store.dispatch(updateCart("flour 100g", 100, 250)); Store. Dispatch (deleteFromCart("coffee 500gm", 1, 250)) // Unsubscribe ();Copy the code

When the code is complete, executenpm startRun, you can see the printed log.

`React`–`Redux`

Install the react – story:

npm install –save react-redux

Write the React code and use the Provider class to wrap the React application in a Redux container:

import React from 'react';
import ReactDom from 'react-dom';
import {Provider} from 'react-redux';

const App = <h1>Redux Shopping Cart</h1>

ReactDom.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    {App}
  </Provider>,
  document.getElementById('root')
)
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This completes the simple integration. Next, learn about React -redux in detail.

The installation

React-redux is not a redux built-in and needs to be installed separately:

npm install –save react-redux

`API`

`<provider store>`Components.

The connect() method can only be used if the root component is nested in . The only function is to pass the store.

Normal React:

ReactDOM.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    <MyRootComponent />
  </Provider>,
  rootEl
)
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React Router

ReactDOM.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    <Router history={history}>
      <Route path="/" component={App}>
        <Route path="foo" component={Foo}/>
        <Route path="bar" component={Bar}/>
      </Route>
    </Router>
  </Provider>,
  document.getElementById('root')
)
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Parameters:

Store: redux-store that is globally unique to the application

Children: Root component of the component hierarchy

`mapStateToProps(state, [ownProps])`

storeTo the componentpropsMapping to: ListeningRedux storeThe change,Redux storeChange,mapStateToPropsThe function will be called,
Returns a pure object that will correspond to the componentpropsA merger.
If the second argument in the callback function is specifiedownProps, the value of this parameter is passed to the componentpropsAnd only componentsreceiveTo the newprops.mapStateToPropsWill also be called

`mapDispatchToProps()`

distributionactionThat is, the component tostoreThe mapping.

`connect()`

React-redux provides the connect method for generating container components from UI components. Connect means to connect the two components together

Example: counters

Implement a counter whose value is mapped by Store and increment state by Dispatch by clicking the Increase button.

UI components

Only responsible for the presentation of the UI, with no business logic
No state (that is, not usedthis.stateThis variable)
All data is defined by parameters (this.props) to provide
Without using anyRedux the API

const { Component } = require("react");

export default class Counter extends Component{
  render(){
    const {value,onIncreaseClick} = this.props
    return(
      <div>
        <span>{value}</span>
        <button onClick = {onIncreaseClick}>Increase</button>
      </div>
    )
  }
}
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The value displayed in this component is computed by state, and onIncreaseClick issues an Action.

Container components

Responsible for managing data and business logic, not UI rendering
With internal state
useRedux theAPI
connectMethod to generate a container component

import { connect } from 'react-redux'; import {increaseAction} from '.. /actions' import Counter from '.. /components/count'; function mapStateToProps(state) { return { value: state.count, }; } function mapDispatchToProps(dispatch){return {onIncreaseClick ()=>dispatch(increaseAction)}} Const App =connect(mapStateToProps, mapDispatchToProps)(Counter) export default AppCopy the code

Action

export  const increaseAction = {
  type:'increase'
}
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Reducer

export default function counter(state = { count: 0 }, action) { const count = state.count; switch (action.type) { case "increase": return { count: count + 1 }; default: return state; }}Copy the code

Store

import {createStore} from 'redux'
import counter from './reat-rdx/reducers/index'

const store = createStore(counter);
export default store
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Component is used and Provider is included

import App from './reat-rdx/containerComponents/index'
ReactDom.render(
  <Provider store={store}>
    <App/>
  </Provider>,
  document.getElementById("root")
);
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Conclusion:

In my understanding, React-Redux contains a container component outside the UI component to handle the state and distribute the action.

`React Router`

React Router 4. X is a different system from the previous one

The basic routing

Three basic pages: home page, About, user. The following

// Home.js import { Component } from "react"; export default class Home extends Component { render() { return <h2>Home</h2>; } } // User.js import { Component } from "react"; export default class User extends Component { render() { return <h2>User</h2>; } } // About.js import { Component } from "react"; export default class About extends Component { render() { return <h2>About</h2>; }}Copy the code

Control rendering:

// App.js import Home from "./Home"; import Users from "./Users"; import About from "./About"; import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route, Link } from "react-router-dom"; export default function App() { return ( <Router> <div> <nav> <ul> <li> <Link to="/">Home</Link> </li> <li> <Link To ="/about"> about </Link> /about </li> <li> <Link to="/users"> users </Link> </li> </ul> </nav> {/* switch renders components that match the current URL by Route */} < switch > <Route Path ="/about"> <About /> </Route> <Route path="/users"> < users /> </Route> <Route path="/"> <Home /> </Route> </Switch> </div> </Router> ); } // index.js import React from "react"; import ReactDom from "react-dom"; import App from './reat-rout/modules/App' ReactDom.render( <App/>, document.getElementById('root') )Copy the code

Conclusion:

<Link to="/about"> about </Link> // <Route path="/about"> // Load the about component when the Route is /aboutCopy the code

Nested routing

Add Topics component:

import { Route, Link, Switch, useParams, useRouteMatch, } from "react-router-dom"; export default function Topics() { let match = useRouteMatch(); Return (<div> <h2>Topics</h2> <ul> <li> <Link to={' ${match-. url}/components'}> components </Link> </li> <li> < Link to = {` ${(match. Url)} / props - v - state `} > props v. Tate < / Link > < / li > < / ul > {/ * switchable viewer has its own switch * /} < switch > < the Route path={`${match.path}/:topicId`}> <Topic /> </Route> <Route path={match.path}> <h3>please select a topic</h3> </Route> </Switch> </div> ); } function Topic() { let { topicId } = useParams(); return <h3>requested topic ID :{topicId}</h3>; }Copy the code

Display:

import Home from "./Home"; import Users from "./Users"; import About from "./About"; import Topics from "./Topics"; import { BrowserRouter as Router, Switch, Route, Link } from "react-router-dom"; export default function App() { return ( <Router> <div> <nav> <ul> <li> <Link to="/">Home</Link> </li> <li> <Link to="/about">About</Link> </li> <li> <Link to="/users">Users</Link> </li> <li> <Link to="/topics">Topics</Link> </li> </ul> </nav> {/* switch renders components matching the current URL by Route */} < switch > <Route path="/about"> < about /> </Route> <Route path="/users">  <Users /> </Route> <Route path="/topics"> <Topics /> </Route> <Route path="/"> <Home /> </Route> </Switch> </div> </Router> ); }Copy the code

Conclusion:

We have seen the following faces in this section. Don’t worry, read on for more details

let match = useRouteMatch();
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<Link to={`${match.url}/components`}>Components:{match.url}</Link>
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<Route path={`${match.path}/:topicId`}>
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let { topicId } = useParams();
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Main ingredients

React Router components fall into three categories:

The router, like<BrowserRouter>and<HashRouter>
Route matching machine, e.g.<Route>and<Switch>
navigation, e.g.<Link>.<NavLink>and<Redirect>

The router

uses the regular URL path. These are usually the best-looking urls, but they require the server to be configured correctly.
stores the current location in the hash part of the URL, so the URL looks like http://example.com/#/your/page. Since hashes are never sent to the server, this means that no special server configuration is required.
To use the router, just be sure to render it at the root of the element hierarchy.

Route matching machine

There are two routing matching components: Switch and Route. When

is rendered, it searches its children

content to find a URL match for its current path. When an object is found, it renders it

and ignores all other objects.
Therefore, the higher specificity of

should be placed in the higher position.
If there is no

match,

renders nothing.

<Route path="/about"> < about /> </Route> // Notice how the two routes are sorted. More specific path= "/contact/ : Id "comes before path=" /contact ", so when looking at individual contacts, The Route /contact/: ID <Route path="/contact/: ID "> < contact/ > </Route> <Route path="/contact"> <AllContacts /> </Route> // This path serves as a back-up if the previous path didn't render anything. Important: routes with a path of "/" will always match urls, because all urls begin with a /. That's why we put this last <Route path="/"> <Home /> </Route> </Switch>Copy the code

The important thing to note is that a

matches the beginning of the URL, not the entire beginning. Therefore,

will always match the url. Therefore, we usually place this at the end of

.

Navigation (Route changer)

Navigation is the Link component, similar to the tag.

<Link to="/">Home</Link>
// <a href="/">Home</a>
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is a special type of that can set itself to “active” when its to prop matches the current position.

<NavLink to="/react" activeClassName="hurray">
  React
</NavLink>

// When the URL is /react, this renders:
// <a href="/react" className="hurray">React</a>

// When it's something else:
// <a href="/react">React</a>
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Render

any time you want to force navigation. When

renders, it uses its to Prop to navigate.
```
<Redirect to="/login" />
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```

API

hook

The React Router comes with hooks that let you access the state of the Router and perform navigation from within the components.

useHistory
useLocation
useParams
useRouteMatch

`useHistory`

Access History for navigation.

import { useHistory } from "react-router-dom";

export default function HomeBtn() {
  let history = useHistory();
  function handleClick() {
    history.push("/");
  }
  return <button onClick={handleClick}>go Home</button>;
}

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`useLocation`

Returns an object representing the current URL, and a new location object when the URL changes.

import { useLocation } from "react-router-dom";

export default function UseLocation() {
  let location = useLocation();
  return (
    <h3>
      location:{location.pathname}
      {console.log(location)}
    </h3>
  );
}
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`useParams`

Object that returns the key/value pair of the URL argument. Parameters that can be used to match routes.

<Route path="topics/:topicId">
  <Topic />
</Route>


function Topic() {
  let { topicId } = useParams();
  return <h3>requested topic ID :{topicId}</h3>;
}
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This is above part used, routing nested 】【 when routing is: http://localhost:3000/topics/props-v-state, topicId props – v – state

`useRouteMatch`

The useRouteMatch hook attempts to match the current URL in the same way as

. It is useful for accessing match data without actually rendering

.

There are many apis besides hook functions, you can check out the official website for more information.

github

Reference:

Redux Tutorial (Get started quickly)

Redux Chinese document

React-redux Document in Chinese

Redux tutorial (3) : React-redux

The React the Router tutorial

React Router 4.x官网

React, Redux, ReactRouter basics

react

The installation

redux

The three principles

Single data source

StateIs read-only

Use pure functions to perform modifications

The basic concept

Action

Reducer

Store

The data flow

The code to understand

scenario

Actions

Reducer

store

dispatch

React–Redux

The installation

API

<provider store>Components.

mapStateToProps(state, [ownProps])

mapDispatchToProps()

connect()

Example: counters

UI components

Container components

Action

Reducer

Store

Component is used and Provider is included

Conclusion:

React Router

The basic routing

Conclusion:

Nested routing

Conclusion:

Main ingredients

The router

Route matching machine

Navigation (Route changer)

API

hook

useHistory

useLocation

useParams

useRouteMatch

github

Reference:

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`react`

`redux`

`State`Is read-only

`Action`

`Reducer`

`Store`

`Actions`

`Reducer`

`store`

`dispatch`

`React`–`Redux`

`API`

`<provider store>`Components.

`mapStateToProps(state, [ownProps])`

`mapDispatchToProps()`

`connect()`

`React Router`

`useHistory`

`useLocation`

`useParams`

`useRouteMatch`