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Packages in Python and package import
Packages are folders, and packages can contain subpackages and subfolders. Python scripts are modules, and modules contain classes and functions. Python packages must contain an __init__.py file. The file contents are arbitrary, and without __init__
Create three Python packages, alpha, Bravo, and Charlie. Using PyCharm to create a Python Package will automatically include __init__.py
Create a new alpha module under the alpha package and add functions
def walk() :
return 'Walk function called in alpha module under alpha package'
def run() :
return 'Run function called in alpha module under alpha package'
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Create a new Bravo module under the Bravo package and add functions
def rush() :
return 'Rush function called in bravo module under Bravo package'
def run() :
return 'Run function called in bravo module under Bravo package'
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Create a Charlie module under the Charlie package and add category global variables
heros = ['stark'.'banner'.'thor']
heros_org_name = 'Avengers'
class Hero:
def __init__(self, name) :
self.name = name
def __str__(self) :
return 'The Hero object in the Charlie module under the Charlie package is instantiated'
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Package and module imports
Import a package or module from Python into the current script using the from and import keywords. After the module is imported, you can use the function classes or variables of the imported module in the current file.
Import modules from the command line
Create a new test.py directory at the same level as the lilith package
def hello() :
print('hello')
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In this directory, run the command to go to the Python3 running interface, and use the import keyword to import
Create a lilith. Py script file in the lilith package and add lilith functions to the file
def lilith() :
print('Lilith function called in lilith module under lilith package')
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To reference the LILith function in the test.py file, you must import the LILith module using the from import keyword and call the lilith function from the lilith module
from lilith import lilith
lilith.lilith()
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Multistage import
The lilith module also contains alpha, Bravo, and Charlie packages. To import alpha, Bravo, and Charlie packages into the test.py file, you need to import these packages into lilith module. Import statements can be written in an __init__.py file under the LILith package
from .alpha import alpha
from .bravo import bravo
from .charlie import charlie
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Import the alpha package in the test.py file
from lilith import alpha
print(alpha.walk())
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Alpha and Bravo modules have run functions, which can be renamed using the AS keyword
from lilith.alpha.alpha import run as alpha_run
from lilith.bravo.bravo import run as bravo_run
print(alpha_run())
print(bravo_run())
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The import statement is very long. The first step is to import the classes and variables in the Charlie module
from .charlie.charlie import Hero, heros, heros_org_name
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Import the required variables and classes directly into the current LILith package, so that you can import these variables directly from the LILith module in the test.py file
from lilith import Hero, heros_org_name, heros
hero = Hero('stark')
print(hero)
print(heros_org_name)
for i in heros:
print(i)
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Third party packages/libraries used in Python
There are many third-party libraries with complete functions in Python, which can greatly improve the development efficiency. Some third-party libraries are built with Python, and some are not built with Python. You need to use the PIP installation tool to install them. Using official Python sources is very easy to time out and fail the installation
Pip3 install the name of the third party libraries -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simpleCopy the code
Datetime module
Datetime is a common library that can be used to obtain the current time, time interval, etc. It also supports conversion between time objects and strings
The Datetime library needs to be imported for use
import datetime
Get the current time
now_time = datetime.datetime.now()
print(now_time)
Instantiate a time object
datetime_obj = datetime.datetime(2022.4.14.17.00.0000)
print(datetime_obj)
print(type(datetime_obj))
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from datetime import datetime
from datetime import timedelta
diff_time = timedelta(weeks=0, days=1, hours=0, minutes=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0)
last_day = datetime.now() - diff_time
print(last_day)
print(type(last_day))
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