The network is the indispensable key support point of the information society. The quality and performance of the network system directly affect the use experience and productivity of all layers of applications. The bandwidth and delay are the two key factors that affect the performance of network system. The determinants of these two points involve hardware, protocol, basic environment and upper application construction. It is necessary to summarize the impact areas and master the methods to improve network performance. Especially in the coming era of the Internet of everything, whether it’s building front-end systems, server systems, or any application based on HTTP or other network protocols.
Open Interconnection protocol model
OSI defines the seven-layer network protocol model, namely physical layer, link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer, and application layer.
TCP protocol optimization is improved
Comparison between TCP-IP protocol model and OSI seven-layer protocol model
TCP core flow
Three-way handshake
Plug control and slow start
TCP usage optimization
- Upgrade the kernel of the service system to the latest version
- Slow startup is inhibited after TCP connections are initialized and TCP connections are reused as much as possible
- Reduce unnecessary data transfer and data compression
- Deploy the server as close to the customer as possible to reduce RTT time
- Consider enabling tcp-fast-open
Improved UDP protocol optimization
UDP, also known as the empty protocol service, has a very simple model – the protocol itself just sends the data
UDP header
UDP Features
- Data transmission is not guaranteed
- Inherent orderliness of data is not guaranteed
- None Session state keepalive
- Clog-free control
Optimized UDP protocol usage
- Check NAT environment configurations that affect UDP usage
- Application layer to ensure the rate of data transmission, congestion coordination, retransmission
- The application layer is responsible for the processing of data loss, repetition and disorder
- Application layer to ensure that existing links are reused as much as possible
TLS protocol optimization
As the network is used more and more widely, people pay more attention to the security of data transmission on the network. Data transmission is changed from plaintext transmission to encrypted transmission, and the data encryption mechanism is gradually changed from SSL to TLS. Currently, it is not recommended to use SSL encryption of any version. TLS1.1 and 1.2 are used
TLS interaction flow
Reuse of TLS sessions
Trusted certificate chain mechanism
TLS protocol use optimization
- First, optimize the TCP connection used
- Upgrade the TLS component library to ensure that you are using the latest version
- Use TLS sessions and reuse TLS
- Review and check the trust chain of domain name certificates
- Consider enabling TLS-false -Start
The construction of CDN
More and more businesses are not only serving local customers, but also the global market; On the other hand, rich media content such as video is becoming more and more popular on the Internet. How to make the global customers faster and better experience the products of the enterprise? How can the construction of rich media content such as video save bandwidth while improving response speed? These problems are the scenarios used in CDN construction.
The advantages and benefits of CDN include:
- Let the product closer to customers, improve customer experience
- Reduce system response time and delay
- Rational use of CDN cache can save bandwidth and improve product response speed
- Improve the overall reliability and stability of the product