“What will be hot and what to learn in 2022? This article is participating in the” Talk about 2022 Technology Trends “essay campaign.
You will have learned by the end of this article
- Meaning of backend framework
- How do I choose a back-end framework
- Popular backend framework for web application development
- Popular backend framework for mobile application development
1. Introduction
Based on my understanding of and research into back-end frameworks, this article provides a list of backend frameworks that are likely to be popular in 2021-2022 and the year ahead.
I currently work in back-end Java development, and this article will cover not only popular frameworks for Java, but also frameworks for other back-end languages.
It never hurts for backend developers to know the most popular backend frameworks on the market. On the one hand, as a developer, understanding the popular frameworks of other back-end languages can help you develop your second programming language. On the other hand, as a team leader, knowing more about the backend framework allows you to think about what expertise you need when assembling a professional team for your next project.
So, keep reading and check out the most popular backend frameworks.
2. What is the back-end framework? Why do we use them?
Then. How you choose the most appropriate back-end development framework for your technology stack can greatly affect the success or failure of a project, and why?
A framework is a package of pre-written and tested code in a specific coding language that any developer can build on for fast-reading development. Because of this feature, development does not have to “build the wheel” from scratch each time, which greatly speeds up development.
3. How to choose the best backend framework
- Python is the best choice for building a big data analysis platform and training artificial intelligence models.
- Node.js,.net, and Java are the first choices for building enterprise-class software that runs continuously in the background.
- Python and PHP are best suited for small and medium-sized application development (well, they can also do the work of large projects, but they’re usually not preferred).
However, when choosing a language for your next application, popularity shouldn’t be the deciding factor.
First, consider the level of technical expertise your team provides. For example, you shouldn’t ask your PHP expert to write an application using Node.js. The best framework is losa.js, because it will allow your PHP developers to use logic they are familiar with while building project structures in another language (JavaScript rather than PHP).
Second, you must consider the transparency and legibility of the code you write with the framework. If your developers can write clean code, new teammates will have no problem entering the project.
Third, you should choose a framework with the best support. We’re not talking about community size here. Many times, an update to the underlying language forces the framework to update — your application becomes inoperable until the latest framework version comes out and the application is updated accordingly. This can be avoided by sticking with the most popular back-end frameworks — they are usually the most stable.
4. Benefits of back-end frameworks
- To save time
Obviously, when developers can create application features from pre-written features, the development process takes much less time. This also leads to fewer errors, resulting in shorter development cycles and improved quality of the final product.
- scalability
All framework features are pre-tested and can be extended quickly and effortlessly. This makes it easier to create an application that adequately addresses peak demand and can scale components as needed.
- robustness
With a framework, we can use out-of-the-box code and build on it. This enables developers to provide powerful functionality in a clear and streamlined structure without having to build wheels.
- security
Most frameworks are open source, with a large and passionate community behind each, so security issues are adequately addressed. World-renowned websites and applications such as Instagram, Pinterest, Shopify, Coursera, and Reddit are all built using Django, Ruby on Rails, Laravel, Node.js, and ASP.NET. We better trust these guys to take security seriously.
- integration
Building a standalone application is not as feasible as fleshing out an existing application with new functionality. The backend development framework ensures that integration with RESTful apis or GraphQL is much simpler. In this way, you can actually make your new application part of a thriving software ecosystem and improve the user experience.
Now that we know so much about the benefits of back-end frameworks, how do we choose the one that is best suited for future web applications?
Top 5 Network application development background Framework
Django 5.1 for Python
1. Advantages of the Django framework
- Quick to learn and easy to use. Django is easy to get started with, and its sole purpose is to speed up the development cycle.
- Powerful features. Django’s extensive application functionality out of the box greatly reduces the effort of building an application from scratch.
- Deep security. Django comes with built-in protection against SQL injection, cross-scripting, request forgery, and other types of security issues. It also handles user authentication by default, allowing users to securely store their passwords.
- High scalability. Django epitomizes Python’s focus on extensibility, making it easy for sites running on it to meet the peak of their high demand.
- Versatility. Like Python itself, Django lends itself to developing a wide range of applications, from online learning platforms to social media and big data management tools.
2. Shortcomings of the Django framework
-
Django ORM. Object Relational Mapper (ORM) provides a set of solutions to various development problems, but also imposes limitations. If you want or have to do anything in an unconventional way, ORM becomes a weakness rather than a powerful tool.
-
Single deployment. Again, with ORM, you must follow certain patterns in all aspects of software development, including deployment. Sometimes you need to add specific features just to make Django work, even if your application doesn’t really need them.
-
Deep knowledge of systems is required. Django is an end-to-end framework, which means you need to plan every little feature ahead of time to avoid costly rework in the middle of development. So while developing applications with Django is easy, you need extra time to plan everything in advance.
Overall, however, Django is the best choice for developing a wide variety of applications and websites quickly and predictably.
5.2 Lavarel for PHP
1. Benefits of the Lavarel framework
- Easy to authenticate. User authentication is easy to implement with built-in access management tools.
- Api-based mail sending. With Laravel, you get API integration with all major mail services, PHP mail drivers, and multi-channel messaging notifications. This greatly simplifies notification and mail implementation.
- Simple data caching. Laravel provides in-memory caching of Redis, Memcached, and other popular caching tools via a built-in file caching driver.
- Convenient log handling. Laravel supports multiple log handlers and has exception/error handling enabled by default.
- Extensive testing. Thanks to built-in PHPUnit support and pre-configured phpUnit.xml files, Laravel allows for in-depth unit testing. It also provides user emulation functions such as form entry, link click, application request, etc.
2. Benefits of the Lavarel framework
- Steep learning curve. Although Laravel is easy to learn, it is difficult to master. A lot of features are so complex that they work in one way, it’s hard to figure it out on your own. So while there are a lot of Laravel developers out there, few are actually using Laravel to its full potential.
- There is no built-in support. Laravel went through some growing pains. For example, release 5 is so different from release 4 that there can be no seamless transition between the two. With little built-in support in the framework, developers must constantly wade through the Laravel developer documentation.
Nevertheless, Laravel is definitely the best choice for building PHP applications, thanks to its robust, powerful, and feature-rich MVC framework.
It is worth mentioning that there is also the Zend framework, which is well suited to traditional projects and is considered outdated and replaced by Laravel. However, quite a few projects run on Zend, making it still a viable option.
5.3 the Ruby on Rails
The most notable RoR features are the active logging pattern, non-duplication, and CoC(Convention over Configuration) development paradigm.
1. Advantages of the Ruby on Rails framework
- Development speed. Because RoR comes with a wide variety of built-in plug-ins and modules, developers can use a large number of plug-ins when creating applications. This greatly reduces the time required to write template code.
- Consistency. By following the above standards, RoR enables programmers to standardize on most aspects of development, such as file storage. This helps keep the project transparent and consistent while reducing the complexity of development.
- Cost effectiveness. Ruby on Rails is an open source framework, so it is completely free to use. To get extra features, you can buy Gems– dedicated modules from GitHub — but most RoR developers already have these modules, so you don’t have to pay anything for licenses.
2. Disadvantages of the Ruby on Rails framework
- Runtime performance. While the various response speed and database request benchmarks may indicate that Ruby on Rails is not performing as well as Django, this is not a major limitation. RoR works fine if you don’t have to process millions of requests per second. In addition, in most cases, the server architecture and network infrastructure become bottlenecks much earlier than the framework capabilities themselves.
- Strict dependencies. Because many RoR features are standardized, their dependencies are strictly defined. RoR can be configured in one way and only run in one way. This greatly speeds up the development of standard features, but can limit the developer’s flexibility in implementing unique features.
- Mistakes are costly. Again, adjusting some of the architectural decisions in the middle of a project can be quite expensive for RoR because of the high dependencies between the various components due to its standardized structure. For example, heavy use of Active Record leads to a heavy reliance on the database model, which is detrimental to the performance of future scaled applications.
All in all, Ruby on Rails is a great choice for quickly developing a variety of mainstream applications with standard functionality.
5.4 Java的Spring Boot
1. Advantages of the Spring Boot framework
- Lazy initialization. Because beans are pre-configured on demand, developers can greatly reduce the time required for application startup.
- There is no template configuration. Because of the special nature of Java, there is no need for template code development.
- Automatic application health check. A built-in Liveness state constantly checks to see if the application is responsive and able to perform its functions. If not, it will automatically restart, providing a seamless and satisfying user experience without crashing.
2. Advantages of the Spring Boot framework
- Complexity. As the crux of all Java development, excessive configuration complexity is a challenge that Spring developers must overcome. This can slow down the development process.
- Parallel mechanism. Spring offers a wide variety of options for achieving various goals, and it’s not always obvious to choose the best option from the beginning. This may result in code refactoring.
In general, Spring can be a great tool in the hands of experienced Java developers, but using it without thinking deeply beforehand can be quite punishing.
Windows and 5.5. NET ASP.NET
1. Advantages of the ASP.Net framework
- Less code. Developers must implement fewer statements and can rely heavily on the pre-configuration capabilities of the ASP.NET core, which speeds up application development.
- Cross-platform. The framework uses the same C# code base to provide a smooth and predictable user experience on several major platforms.
- Quick maintenance. Experienced.NET developers can optimize the Core framework with just a few statements to ensure top application performance and maintainability.
2. Disadvantages of the ASP.Net framework
- Vendor lock-in. Because Microsoft controls. NET framework, developers have less control over their behavior and must follow the restrictions imposed by core developers.
- License. Unlike pure open source frameworks, some Basic core modules, such as Visual Basic, have license fees. If you need more advanced features, the cost can quickly pile up.
ASP.NET core is developed based on Windows and. NET is the preferred framework for web and mobile applications because it ensures a smooth and frictionless cross-platform experience.
This chapter covers the five most popular back-end frameworks, but there are many more languages and alternatives, so the final framework choice depends on the specific requirements of the project. Just keep in mind that the framework we choose must be convenient and usable for our team, allow clean code to be created, and easy to update without crashing in the process.
6. Top 4 Mobile Application Development backend Frameworks
This list of mobile backend frameworks is not exhaustive; it simply shows the most common choices. Here’s an interesting fact –Python/Django, Ruby on Rails, React/React Native, and PHP/Laravel also easily serve as back-end frameworks for mobile development.
6.1 a Flutter on the Dart
All this ensures the rapid development of cross-platform applications that run not only on iOS and Android –Flutter also covers Windows, Linux and Mac.
1. Advantages of the Flutter framework
- Thermal overload. The Flutter engine allows you to apply your code changes to running applications without having to restart each time to test each small update. This saves considerable development time and helps keep developers sane and motivated.
- Design widgets. Flutter offers custom widgets that work with many platforms (from Google’s Material Design to Cupertino’s iOS human-machine interface guide), so a code base can work equally anywhere.
- Clean development. You can get significantly shorter time-to-market not only because of a single code base, but also thanks to many small features and Flutter development tools that enable developers to create a cleaner, simpler and more concise code.
There are many more benefits, but for the sake of brevity, let’s just say that Flutter is a future-oriented framework that allows you to create beautiful applications for many devices and operating systems.
2. Disadvantages of the Flutter framework
- Not born in taiyuan. While Flutter apps look and run just as well on any platform, they don’t have a completely native look and feel. This is mostly something that only iOS purists would notice, but it’s worth mentioning.
- Quite young. Flutter is only a few years old and growing fast. It’s always possible that it will evolve in some strange way, although Google’s continued support makes that much less likely.
- Compatibility. With the release of new iOS and Android features and SDK updates, Flutter will be overhauled every time. This can cause reverse compatibility problems. But, as one of everyone’s favorite tools right now, With a lot of support from Google, Flutter receives updates as often as possible to ensure that the Flutter app doesn’t crash.
All of this makes Flutter the perfect choice for quickly building powerful cross-platform applications, even if they don’t have a full native look and feel.
6.2 Google Firebase
Firebase comes with Google-based services for real-time database access, crash reporting, cloud storage, authentication, and more. Even with a free plan, Firebase offers everything you need for web/mobile application functionality. When developing an iOS app, you need to ensure the following features.
- Real-time database access
- Real-time synchronization across all devices
- Email and push notifications
- Social login
- The API console
- In-depth analysis
All of this is supported by Firebase, which makes it one of the best cloud-hosted backend development frameworks for mobile applications.
6.3 Express/Koa for Node. Js
Express and Koa are mobile back-end development frameworks for Node.js.
They are very similar, so we will only cover Express, a MEAN backend development framework that is coupled to the Angular.js front end and MongoDB database to ensure feature-rich and stable application performance.
1. Advantages of the Express framework
- Simple learning curve. Because JavaScript is one of the most popular programming languages, many developers are familiar with it, making it fairly easy to get started with server-side development using Node.js.
- High performance. Thanks to running Google’s V8 JavaScript engine, which interprets Node.js code as machine code, the application runs with near-native performance.
- A single code base. Because all browsers support JavaScript, developing cross-platform applications with the Express framework is fast and cost-effective. A single code base can be reused to run your application on any platform and in any browser.
2. Disadvantages of the Express framework
- Low computing power. Node.js applications have to interpret code as machine code every time, which means they don’t handle resource-intensive tasks very well.
- Asynchronous programming. This feature of Node.js can make it difficult to maintain application code across devices and browser versions, which can take a lot of development work to deal with.
Finally, Express and Koa can be good choices for quickly developing cross-platform mobile applications using Node.js.
6.4 the React Native
Back in 2018, React Native went through a major effort to reframe the framework to make it more versatile and get rid of its shortcomings.
1. Benefits of the React Native framework
- JSI (JavaScript interface). It allows RN to work smoothly with any JS engine, mainly Hermes.
- A reference to a C# host object. RN can now call native modules directly, eliminating the intermediate render layer, which greatly improves your application’s performance.
- Rapid development through shared code bases. “Write once, Use everywhere” is a JS paradigm that ensures that new applications are developed very quickly and share the same code base across all platforms.
- Visibility. Publishing RN apps to the Play Market and App Store is easy.
2. Disadvantages of the React Native framework
- Complex updates. Updating RN to the latest version can be quite complex, which means that your application requires a complex update process.
- Exclusive. When developing a web application using RN, you can’t use any libraries of native modules, so be prepared for a lot of custom development.
- No complicated design. If your application requires a complex design or multiple layers of interaction, RN has very few tools, so it’s best to find a native framework.
All in all, React Native is a great choice for building cross-platform applications with a near-native user experience.
As we’ve seen in this article, there are a number of back-end frameworks available for developing web applications as well as mobile applications. Choosing the best framework for your project can be a challenge, and we need to think about it.
Thanks for watching yijun@Monday Commuter Radio. If you feel good, quickly give me three support, let’s next period see each other.