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13:08 Looking at true love

Authors: Zang Chengwei, Wang Zhiyu

Source: at the top of the front end | coordinating editor: Tamic

Editor’s note: Since the birth of Native in 2017, the mobile empire has experienced from Native to hybrid, to Web App, to plug-in, hot update, to Weex, React Native, small program & fast application, and then the front-end cross-end projects of major companies. Now Google’s Flutter may be more dynamic in the future.

This decade, the mobile empire did not decline, but passed the baton to the front end and became more mature and powerful, in order to meet high delivery, sustainable and dynamic development. As a branch of the big front end, mobile terminal will eventually become a new industry wind. Its evolution is not to force a developer to choose the technology stack, but to solve the problem of more enterprises to open source and reduce costs.

The Web front end has revolutionized Pc desktop apps, and I think it will revolutionize mobile apps as well. Maybe years from now, no one will remember that there was a word “mobile development” 10 years ago.

But I hope we can also remember the tech pioneers and remember that there was once an industry called “mobile development.”

Writing in the front

Nowadays, life has become inseparable from mobile phones. In the morning, I use mobile phones to watch news, in the daytime, I open wechat to communicate, at noon, I use Meituan to order takeout, and at night, I watch videos or eat chicken for entertainment. Everywhere in our life, we can see the convenience brought by mobile Internet to millions of families. Looking back at the development of mobile Internet in the past decade and more, we can not only look back on history and seize those dazzling moments, but also take history as a mirror to point out the way forward.

Technology is a productivity enhancement for business, and the essence of business is profit seeking. Therefore, technology also needs to meet two basic demands, open source and save money. Open source is the efficient part of getting development teams to iterate faster. Throttling means reducing development costs and risk for the development team, and is a combination of efficiency and quality.

Compared with the industrial revolution, which lasted for hundreds of years, the mobile Internet was short-lived. In these decades of development, many technologies have emerged to meet the need to open source and reduce costs. We will take a look back at the decade in terms of evolution in development, changes in infrastructure and software architecture, and new mobile technologies.

Evolution of the development approach

1. IOS/Android, mobile explosion

Jobs unveils the first iPhone on Jan. 9, 2007

On January 9, 2007, Steve Jobs unveiled the first iPhone at the MOScone Center. Early iphones did not support development by individual developers, and software development suites were not available until March 2008. In June of that year, the iPhone released its groundbreaking iPhone, the iPhone 3G, along with the launch of the App Store, ushering in an unprecedented revolution in the mobile development market.

T-mobile G1, released in September 2008

Coincidentally, on November 5, 2007, Android released a 1.0 beta. Android was officially released on September 23, 2008, the same year Google released the first android-based phone. In 2011, Android overtook Symbian in global market share for the first time, making it the most used mobile operating system in the world.

Interestingly, Android was originally designed for digital cameras, but it didn’t make the move to mobile devices until there wasn’t enough demand for it.

The development of Android benefits from the openness brought by open source. The Android ecosystem has grown rapidly as handset makers have been able to expand and tailor it to their needs. This is one of the biggest differences from iOS and Windows Phone of the same period.

Nokia’s Lumia phones

Aside from iOS and Android, it was Windows Phone that had the momentum back then. Microsoft officially released Windows Phone 7.0 on October 21, 2010. Its predecessor was Windows Mobile, which had been working on handheld devices for years. Nokia, Samsung and HTC, the major manufacturers at the time, were also giants. Unfortunately, due to a variety of reasons, eventually became the mobile craze in the vanguard.

2. The rise of mobile development

With the growth of mobile terminal users, mobile terminal APPS are favored by more and more people. Wysiwyg is a better interactive experience on the big screen than on the web. Fast forward to 2012, and the number of mobile apps has exploded for several years. The number of mobile developers is also growing, and App package sizes are rapidly increasing. The increase in package size means an increase in lines of code, which presents new challenges for mobile development architectures.

The early mobile development experience wasn’t perfect. In iOS, technicians are often stuck with manual memory management. Back then, a crash rate of more than 1 per cent was not so funny. The Android system is also due to the garbage collection strategy is not perfect, coupled with the system authority management is not perfect, resulting in the phenomenon of running out of time. But it was also a time when the number of mobile users began to climb and mobile development began to flourish. From manual memory management to white-beard MVC tutorials, mobile practitioners set out to build a modern mobile architecture.

To this day, native system development still holds its place, and more and better third-party tools and ides make native development even better.

3. Hybrid development mode improves development efficiency

There is a classic saying in software, “Don’t repeat yourself.” But business was never a single-player game, and at the time iOS and Android had taken over the world, we had to develop the same features or interfaces for both. However, because the design languages of iOS and Android are not the same, some companies even require two sets of UI design drafts. Plus support for the PC Web side, we often needed more people to do “the same” thing. Such duplication brings jobs, but also trouble.

For enterprises, efficiency is an enduring topic. If what two people can do can be compressed into one person, such efficient development brings direct economic benefits to the enterprise. For mobile terminal development, if “one set of code, multi-terminal operation” can be realized, it is bound to bring saving on human resources to the enterprise.

Around 2010, HTML5 hit the market in full swing. Suddenly, all the books, the network filled with HTML 5 to save the world. At the same time, many companies, including Facebook, skipped Native and embraced HTML5 entirely.

But it didn’t last long, and HTML5 wasn’t as versatile as everyone expected. Web loading and rendering has always been a resource-intensive affair, limited by mobile performance and the nascent popularity of 3G networks. Hence Hybrid technology.

The early Hybrid technology almost specifically refers to the incorporation of HTML5 into the App for mixed development, and the benefits of this development mode are obvious. For product managers, the short development time can help them quickly verify the product effect. For r & D engineers, front-end students can also directly participate in the development of App, expanding the front-end technology stack. As for enterprises, it is mentioned above that they can save human resources directly. Its integrated web development on-line cycle fast and part of the page performance consideration characteristics, put an end to the previous one set of UI, three sets of implementation of development resources waste. You only need to develop a set of HTML5 code to run on multiple ends.

Hybrid architecture diagram

When it comes to Hybrid, the most important concept is the bridge. The key to hybrid development is to make HTML5 implement most of the logic, but not all of it. First, some basic business logic, such as login and mapping, is better implemented in Native. Secondly, HTML5’s support for hardware invocation is not perfect, and localization, accelerometer and other hardware invocation still need the cooperation of Native layer. The ultimate goal of Hybrid is to enable the App to have both rapid iteration capability and excellent user experience.

The bridge mainly solves the communication problem at both ends. There are many schemes to implement the bridge, two of which are common. The first is to inject apis into the JavaScript runtime, and the second is to intercept Scheme in JavaScript. URL Schema interception may be simpler to implement than function injection, but it has some wear and tear compared to function injection. So many implementations at the time used runtime injection.

Hybrid is a classic cross-platform practice mode, which has been widely used up to now. Many existing dynamic frameworks are closely related to Hybrid technology, and their communication modes are almost the same as those in Hybrid.

The rise of cross-platform technology

 PhoneGap -> Cordova

PhoneGap started at the iPhoneDevCamp conference in San Francisco in 2009, Nitobi engineers Brock Whitten, Rob Ellis, and Andre Charland built a bridge between the Web interface and Objective-C in iOS, Enable developers to use HTML5, JavaScript, CSS and other Web standard technologies to easily develop native programs, to achieve a compilation run everywhere. Its idea of “bridging the gap between the Web and the iPhone SDK” was well received.

On October 4, 2011, Adobe officially announced the acquisition of Nitobi Software. PhoneGap’s code was contributed to the Apache Software Foundation, but the PhoneGap trademark was retained and named Apache Callback. After version 1.4 was released, the Apache Callback name changed to Apache Cordova. Cordova is the name of the street near the development team.

Cordova is a commercial cross-platform application architecture. Hybrid technology focuses on rapid iteration. For some small apps, human resources become an important indicator. In the early days when iOS and Android were released, the number of pure iOS or Android developers was small. In the previous development, Web technology on PC side had reached a certain maturity, and the number of developers was far ahead of iOS and Android developers. As a result, cross-platform Web-based technology becomes a demand point.

The main point of Cordova is to define a set of rules for writing applications using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Similar to Hybrid, Cordova has its own set of Bridges that developers can use to retrieve information from hardware. Its technical architecture is as follows:

Cordova architecture diagram

Cordova solves one of the biggest conundrum of the time: develop once, use many. A lot of the merchant side of Meituan was developed using Cordova. From the perspective of hot updates, Cordova has good hot update capability. However, the dynamic update experience of Cordova is not as good as it should be. The entire App is written in HTML5, which requires users to pause for updates, and THE HTML support for touch events is not as good as the native experience and performance is much worse than the native experience. As a result, pure HTML5 apps have not caught on in our eyes.

Other Cordova iterations include the IONIC in 2012, and there are even platforms like Platform 7 available for Cordova.

 React Native & Weex

In essence, React Native and Weex are Hybrid solutions. React Native and Weex both support the ability to package resource files (such as HTML, CSS, or JS) into an App for distribution.

React Native is introduced at the React. Js Conference 2015

React Native is an open source mobile application framework created by Facebook. In 2012, Mark Zuckerberg commented that “the biggest mistake we made as a company was investing too much in HTML instead of Native.” He promised that Facebook would soon offer a better mobile experience.

Then inside Facebook, Jordan Walke found a way to generate UI elements for iOS from background JavaScript threads. They decided to organize an internal hackathon to perfect the prototype so they could build native applications using the technology.

After several months of development, Facebook released the first version of React JavaScript Configuration in 2015.

When Facebook launched React Native, it shouted “Learn once, write Anywhere”. React Native’s primary purpose is to make the React framework blossom in mobile development. Its technical focus and difficulty lies in the use of JavaScript to call Native components, so as to use JavaScript to achieve Native experience.

QCon 2016 Southern Sky announced open Weex beta invitation

Weex’s main maintainer is Alibaba. On April 21, 2016, At QCon, Alibaba announced the opening of Weex’s internal test invitation. On June 30 of the same year, it opened source on Github and officially donated to Apache Foundation for incubation on November 30 of the same year, becoming the first mobile project donated to Apache Foundation in China.

Weex’s slogan is “Write Once, Run Everywhere”. Like React Native, Weex uses Native apis for component rendering. However, Weex pays more attention to the consistent presentation of multiple devices. In addition, for domestic usage, the nesting of Weex and Native applications has obvious advantages over React Native.

RN and Weex both use JavaScript engines to parse bundles on iOS or Android operating systems and render them using the native UI framework of the operating system. This solution addresses the performance limitations of Hybrid and provides a dynamic and web development experience. For a time attracted the favor of many large and small companies. Its architectural form is as follows:

RN/Weex hybrid stack architecture diagram

The dynamism RN and Weex have brought to the industry has led to productivity gains from both an open source and a low cost perspective. But RN and Weex don’t have a perfect answer to the question of consistency and building ecology, so The Times are pushing for new technologies.

5. New age cross-platform technology

Small program

Zhang Xiaolong publishes a small program on wechat Open Class Pro in 2017

Compared to the cross-platform technologies mentioned above, the technical roots of applets don’t seem as deep. On the surface, applets are enhanced versions of Hybrid technology. But from a product perspective, applets are a great invention.

On January 9, 2017, zhang Xiaolong, founder of wechat, released a mini program on wechat Open Class Pro 2017. On December 28 of the same year, wechat updated version 6.6.1 opened to develop games with small programs, and the wechat startup page forced the small game “Jump jump” to open the screen. In November 2018, wechat mini program was selected as one of the 15 representative leading Scientific and Technological Achievements of the year in the fifth World Internet Conference “World Internet Leading Scientific and Technological Achievements Release Event”.

Zhang Xiaolong said on the day of the birth of small program: the core concept of small program is “run out”, and then added “go will come back”, it is based on a best summary of the current state of small program. “Run out of time” means that users can solve things efficiently through small programs; And “gone will come back” is a small program good user experience feedback and gift, the two influence each other, is to determine whether a small program long-term survival and development of two important factors.

Small programs are excellent in ecological construction. They define rules and capabilities, provide an integrated development environment, and support a detailed review mechanism, so that small programs and games can help enterprises and we media as well as personal development in parallel.

The success of small programs also lies in the fact that it has formed the standard of the industry. After wechat small program, alipay small program and toutiao small program have been launched. Meituan has also developed meituan mini program according to its own needs, and is still actively building and enriching.

 Flutter

Yu Xiao, senior engineer of Google’s Flutter team, announced the release of Flutter Preview 1 at GMTC 2018

At Google I/O 2017, Google launched Flutter, a new open source library for creating mobile applications. The first Beta version of Flutter was released at Mobile World Congress on 26 February 2018. The update to Beta 3 was made at I/O in May, making Flutter one step closer to its official release. It is worth mentioning that Google attaches great importance to the Chinese market. On June 21, 2018, At the GTMC conference in Beijing, Google officially announced the Preview version of Flutter Preview 1. The official Version of Flutter 1.0 was finally unveiled at Flutter Live ’18 on December 4, 2018.

Domestic head developers Such as Alibaba, Tencent, Meituan and Toutiao have all experimented to varying degrees. Flutter is by far the most widely used and gives back to the community. The reason why Flutter has received so much attention is that it is very different from its predecessors, Hybrid, React Native, and Weex.

The first and most fundamental difference is that Flutter uses a system-level API for rendering. Clients only need to provide a canvas to support application presentation. This takes it away from native rendering and allows us to get a highly consistent rendering representation. In addition to consistency, Flutter makes extensive use of the GPU-drawn Skia graphics engine to provide a better experience in rendering speed and animation.

Second, development efficiency and development ecosystem. Flutter has been focused on development efficiency from the very beginning. With hot-reload sub-second refresh capability, developers can debug and develop Flutter quickly and see the effect of written code at any time. Dart language is used to develop Flutter. Dart language has both JIT and AOT operation modes, which can ensure rapid deployment and debugging in development mode and high-speed operation in production mode. The Dart language is easy to learn and use and can be easily migrated from Java, Objective-C, JavaScript, and other languages.

The lower layer of Flutter uses the Framework written in C/C++, and the upper layer uses Dart to build views and functional components. The comparison between RN and Weex architecture is as follows:

Schematic diagram of Flutter architecture

Both applets and Flutter add a new, more systematic ecosystem to the industry. Mobile development seeks ecological development from the trend. Ecologicalization is also open source for faster iteration releases for business, and more secure and efficient cross-platform solutions for business savings.

Render engine + dynamic

Having a cross-platform rendering engine like Flutter maximizes the challenge of experiencing consistency and improves the efficiency of development. However, learning Flutter is still a new learning cost. So far, many solutions have solved the problem of “increment”, but it is difficult to solve the problem of “inventory”. For many large companies, the full shift to Flutter is a cautious and difficult decision. Especially for companies that have moved to applets or React Native.

Within meituan’s terminal technology r&d group, a project code-named FMP was launched to solve the “inventory” problem. FMP refers to the Flutter Mini Program, which aims to fully parse XML, CSS, and JS in small packages using Flutter as a cross-platform rendering engine. This allows us to balance the efficiency and multi-platform of Flutter with the support of existing apu projects, so that business development does not need to learn the Dart language and the Flutter platform. The current design structure of FMP is as follows:

FMP project design

The logic behind this is to use a cross-platform rendering and processing engine to connect with the current upper business application layer, so as to support the original application faster and more consistent. Syntax tree analysis and translation can be used, or directly use the engine to meet all the original interface. Its structure is as follows:

The Flutter dynamic platform solution

The more complex design is not only the performance of the pursuit of technical excellence, but also the feedback of business to open source and reduce expenditure. We believe that there will be more and better ecology in the future.

The improvement of infrastructure

The development of mobile development, on the one hand, is the improvement of software, and on the other hand, the improvement of infrastructure. Software architecture can’t be upgraded without these infrastructure improvements. Hardware has improved dramatically over the past decade, even if it no longer meets Moore’s Law. It is because of these improvements in infrastructure that mobile development is booming.

Storage enhancement:

On June 9, 2009, Nokia released the Nokia N97 in the United States. The Nokia N97 was equipped with a single-core 434 MHz ARM11 CPU and 32GB of onboard memory. The iPhone 3GS, meanwhile, has only 256MB of ram. The development of iOS system uses objective-C, a reference counting language, which still has a good control over memory. Of course, manual reference counting became the biggest pain point for iPhone developers in debugging and development at that time. Automatic reference counting didn’t solve this problem until later.

Memory improvements have been rapid, with the 2010 iPhone 4, a Classic of the Jobs era, bumping up to 512 megabytes of memory, a standard that other Android phones at the time were aligned with. The iPhone 5 in 2012 had one gigabyte of memory, and Samsung’s flagship phone, the Samsung Galaxy Note II, had two gigabytes.

Large memory phones are now commonplace, with flagship models such as Huawei’s P20 already supporting 6 gigabytes of high-speed memory. Increasing memory has led to the evolution of client development architectures, with more caching technologies and virtual DOM technologies benefiting from the foundation of large memory. The days when there was no memory are long gone.

Improvement of processing speed:

An important part of the hardware upgrade is the CPU and GPU upgrade, which serves as the foundation for mobile architectures. In 2009, all cpus have a single core frequency of 400-600 MHz. For example, the S5L8900 of iPhone 3GS has a frequency of 412 MHz.

Xiaomi M1 phone released in August 2011 is known as the world’s first dual-core 1.5ghz phone, using Qualcomm Snapdragon S3 dual-core MSM8260 processor, the main frequency speed is nearly two times faster than the general single-core phone. It ushered in the era of dual-core or even multi-core mobile phones, which now have as many as eight cores. Therefore, multithreading and asynchrony become a focus of mobile development, which is also the basis for the development of various asynchronous rendering engines and asynchronous responsive frameworks.

Improvement of display accuracy:

In addition to memory and processor, the screen has improved. The 2009 iPhone 3GS and the HTC G3 have 320×480 resolution. So early mobile interfaces were very simple, because the screen size and resolution weren’t large enough to display much content. In 2010, the iPhone 4 introduced an epoch-making Retina display concept with a resolution of 640×960. Mobile development also varies with the pixels and size of the screen.

Interestingly, one of the great advantages early iOS development had over Android development was pixel consistency. IOS whether 320×480 iPhone 3G/3GS or 640×960 iPhone4/4S/SE, developers are all in accordance with the 320×480 logical pixel point to develop. Android screen diversity has become a pain point for Android developers, mdPI/HDPI/XHDPI and other concepts make development difficult. IOS developers got a taste of screen adaptation with the iPhone 5’s 640×1136 and iPhone 6’s 750×1334/1080×1920. At this time a variety of screen adaptation frame is increasing.

In addition to the pixel increase, the screen is also getting bigger. The iPhone 3GS was only 3.5 inches, and the iPhone Xs Max is now 6.5 inches. Such a large display space gives product managers more imagination, but also makes development increasingly complex. These hardware enhancements have prompted iterations of the framework.

Improvement of the network:

In the past decade, the development of mobile Internet is inseparable from the development of basic network. The year 2009 has become the starting point of the rapid development of mobile Internet, which is greatly related to the rise of 3G network.

Compared to the maximum downstream speed of 473.6Kbps for 2G Edge, the HSPA+ 3G network reaches the limit speed of 63Mbps. This makes the mobile Internet from the “small water pipe” to the “highway” quickly, just as dial-up network to broadband, mobile Internet is also developed from here at a high speed.

December 4, 2013, China Mobile obtained 4G photos. The mobile 4G peak of 100Mbps is not much worse than the 3G HSPA+ peak of 60Mbps, but the connection speed is substantially improved. What’s more, the 4G era is not only about improving the speed of mobile networks, but also greatly reducing the rates.

If the popularization of 3G has brought the spring of mobile Internet, 4G tariff reduction has created the diversified development of mobile Internet, 5G has brought infinite space for mobile imagination. The ITU imt-2020 specification calls for 5G speeds of up to 20Gbps, hundreds of times faster than 4G networks. Think of a time when we could download a 4GB hd movie in seconds. What could stand in the way of innovation? Can VR, AR and on-end AI, which could not be implemented well due to traffic limitation, shine in the new era? We’ll see.

New Mobile technology

The world is a train that keeps moving forward. It doesn’t stop because some people get on and off. In late 2018, Apple released the A12X chip, which is a performance monster in the iPad Pro. According to user reviews, the chip has achieved i5-8XXX performance, and all this is happening on mobile devices. Today, with the gradual improvement of mobile terminal performance, it is possible for mobile terminal to do a lot of work that could only be done on PC terminal. These include AI and AR/MR technologies. In the PC era, we need to experience good VR, and we may need to buy a better graphics card. For now, everything will be possible with the increasing AI computing power of mobile cpus.

AI technology migration from server to mobile

Artificial Intelligence, or AI for short, has been an old topic since the 1940s and 1950s, when a group of scientists from various fields (mathematics, psychology, engineering, economics and political science) began discussing the possibility of creating Artificial brains. In 1956, artificial intelligence was established as a discipline.

However, the AI boom has only started in recent years. At Steve jobs’ last press conference before he left us, apple first mentioned a Siri voice assistant with the iphone4s. Apple officially released the iOS6 operating system update for its iPod, iPhone and iPad devices on September 20, 2012. According to the update, the pack will have more than 200 new features, including a new Apple Maps built in. Siri will also support Chinese in the update.

Siri, a voice assistant, has opened a new era of AI technology, and also let the majority of users know more about AI and use AI. Thus bringing about a revolution in AI technology. Since the beginning of 2016, AI technology has been constantly mentioned, and the news that AlphaGo defeated Lee Se-dol, the South Korean nine-dan Go player, spread all over the streets. And with the upgrade of mobile chips, AI technology is gradually shifting from cloud computing to on-end computing.

With on-side AI, we have more efficient and intelligent facial beauty, and even video beauty is possible. The on-side AI also helps us categorize photos and automatically beautify them. The on-side AI also uses natural language processing (NLP) to better understand what we’re saying.

AI may understand you better, not only in image processing and language recognition, but also in recommendation. AI can predict what people want to eat most when opening Meituan takeout, and even change everyone’s home page according to their preferences. It is believed that in the near future, on-end AI will certainly bring more industrial upgrades, so that users can get more intelligent scene experience.

VR, AR, MR: The future of mobile developers

Star Wars games on display at WWDC 2017

The development of video technology is more constrained by the impact of infrastructure, In fact, Virtual Reality was mentioned in Stanley G. Weinbaum’s sci-fi novel Pygmalion’s Spectacles as early as the 1950s. Abbreviated VR). However, it was not until the storage size of the device expanded year by year and the computing and graphics processing capabilities of the device continued to be strengthened that Samsung Gear VR glasses combined with Samsung Galaxy series brought VR devices to the home in 2015. At WWDC 2017, a Star Wars VR experience based on Metal 2 technology also caught the eye.

Augmented Reality, or AR, was first proposed in 1990 by Tom Caudell, a former Boeing researcher. ARKit was also unveiled at WWDC 2017 due to improvements in storage and computing power. WWDC 2018 also introduced ARKit 2.0. There are many applications in the field of games and life. For example, Taobao’s AR World Cup activities and Lianjia’s AR house viewing are both good applications.

Microsoft released HoloLens, a mixed reality device

Mixed Reality (MR) refers to the combination of real and virtual worlds to create new environments and visualizations, where physical objects and digital objects coexist and interact with each other in real time to simulate real objects. MR can be understood as a combination of VR and AR. HoloLens, Microsoft’s MR device, is a prime example.

With the development of The Times, we firmly believe that there will be more cool video technology applications to bring new experience to people’s lives, and 5G and more infrastructure will make the future more dazzling. So novel video technology has always been worth everyone’s attention.

Wearable technology

Wearable technology is the science and technology of creating devices that can be worn directly on the body or integrated into a user’s clothing or accessories. Wearable technology is an innovative technology proposed by the Media Lab of THE Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the 1960s. It can embed multimedia, sensors, wireless communication and other technologies into people’s clothing and support a variety of interaction modes such as gestures and eye movement.

Google co-founder Sergey Brin unveils Google Glass at Google I/O in 2012

On June 28, 2012, Google released a wearable IT product called Google Glass. The device consists of a piece of the right side at the top of the miniature display, a right lateral parallel to 720 p quality cameras, one is located in the temple on the touch pad, and the speaker, microphone, gyroscope sensor and can support 6 hours of built-in battery power, combined with acoustic control, navigation, photography and video chat, and other functions.

The Apple Watch, a smartwatch developed by Apple, was unveiled by Tim Cook on September 9, 2014. The Apple Watch is also a wearable smart device. The watch comes with built-in iOS and supports Facetime, WiFi, Bluetooth, Airplay and more.

Xu Xiao, vice president of industry products and Big data business of Maoyan Film Media Co., LTD., once expressed that the development of mobile technology is currently limited by the difference in screen size and battery life. If wearable devices can provide people with a larger field of vision, richer forms of interaction and longer battery life in the future. The future of mobility may not be far off, thanks to cutting-edge technologies such as the human body’s power supply and retinal projection.

Write in the last

It takes us through a decade of mobile development, but these words are not enough to cover the ups and downs of the decade. A lot of the technology settled down and was remembered. Many technologies failed to keep up with history and were slowly forgotten. While remembering the past, we should also be ready to meet new challenges. We always believe the future will be better, Eat better, Live better.

The authors introduce

Zang Chengwei, senior technical expert of Meituan Front End, has been engaged in embedded development, traditional navigation software development and mobile Internet development for 10 years.

Wang Zhiyu, technical expert of Meituan Terminal Technology team. He joined Meituan in August 2015 and was responsible for the introduction and promotion of React Native and user experience optimization of iOS version of Meituan.

Developer Technology Front, a collection of technology front news and industry trends, dACHangdry goods, is an excellent guide for developers to experience and grow.

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Let’s make it look good