Source: the banana child < br / > address: www.cnblogs.com/bananaaa/p/7774467.html

The Linux command is the command that manages the Linux system. The CPU, memory, disk drive, keyboard, mouse, and user are all files to a Linux system. The Linux system manages commands that are at the core of its functioning, similar to the DOS commands of the past. There are two types of Linux commands on the system: built-in Shell commands and Linux commands.

The command Functional specifications
Online search and help commands (2)
man See command help, dictionary of commands, and more complex info, but not often used.
help Check out the Linux built-in commands for help, such as the CD command.
File and directory operation commands (18)
ls List, the function is to list the contents of the directory and its content attribute information.
cd Fully spell Change Directory to switch from the current working directory to the specified working directory.
cp Full spell copy, its function is to copy a file or directory.
find Find means to find a directory and the files in the directory.
mkdir Make Directories, which let you create directories.
mv Full move, which moves or renames files.
pwd Print Working Directory, whose function is to display the absolute path of the current working directory.
rename Used to rename files.
rm Remove, which removes one or more files or directories.
rmdir Set out to “Remove Empty Directories”.
touch Create a new empty file and change the timestamp properties of an existing file.
tree The function is to display the contents of the directory in a tree structure.
basename Displays the file name or directory name.
dirname Displays the path to a file or directory.
chattr Change the extended properties of the file.
lsattr View the file extension properties.
file Displays the type of file.
md5sum Calculates and validates the MD5 values of the file.
View files and content processing commands (21)
cat Concatenate, the function is used to connect multiple files and print to screen output or redirect to a specified file.
tac Tac is the reverse spelling of cat, so the function of the command is to display the contents of the file in reverse.
more Paging the contents of the file.
less Paging to display the contents of a file, the opposite of the more command.
head The header that displays the contents of the file.
tail Displays the tail of the file’s contents.
cut Split and output each line of the file by the specified delimiter.
split Split the file into small pieces.
paste Merge file contents by line.
sort Sorts the text content of a file.
uniq Remove duplicate rows. oldboy
wc Count the number of lines, words, or bytes of the file.
iconv Converts the encoding format of the file.
dos2unix Convert DOS format files to UNIX format.
diff Full spelling difference, to compare the differences between files, often used in text files.
vimdiff Command-line visual file comparison tool, often used for text files.
rev Reverse output file contents.
grep/egrep Filter strings, Three Musketeers.
join Merge by the same field of the two files.
tr Replace or delete characters.
vi/vim Command line text editor.
File compression and decompression commands (4)
tar Pack compression. oldboy
unzip Unzip the file.
gzip The gzip compression tool.
zip Compression tools.
Information display commands (11)
uname A command that displays information about the operating system.
hostname Displays or sets the hostname of the current system.
dmesg Displays boot information for system fault diagnosis.
uptime Display system running time and load.
stat Displays the status of a file or file system.
du Calculate disk space usage.
df Reports on file system disk space usage.
top Real-time display of system resource usage.
free Look at system memory.
date Displays and sets the system time.
cal View time information such as calendar.
Search for file commands (4)
which Find binary commands by environment variable PATH PATH.
find To traverse a disk to find a file or directory.
whereis Find binary commands by environment variable PATH PATH.
locate From the database (/ var/lib/mlocate/mlocate db) find command, and use updatedb update library.
User management commands (10)
useradd Add users.
usermod Modify existing user properties on the system.
userdel Delete the user.
groupadd Add a user group.
passwd Change the user password.
chage Modify the user password expiration date.
id View the user’s UID, GID, and user group to which the user belongs.
su Switch user identity.
visudo Exclusive command to edit /etc/sudoers files.
sudo Executes commands previously allowed in the sudoers file as a different user (default root).
Basic network operation commands (11)
telnet Login remotely using the TELNET protocol.
ssh Login remotely using the SSH encryption protocol.
scp Full Secure Copy is used to copy files between different hosts.
wget Download files from the command line.
ping Test the network connectivity between hosts.
route Displays and sets up the routing table for the Linux system.
ifconfig Commands to view, configure, enable, or disable the network interface.
ifup Start the network card.
ifdown Close the network card.
netstat View network status.
ss View network status.
In-depth network operation commands (9)
nmap Network scan command.
lsof List Open Files is a list of files that have been opened on the system.
mail Send and receive mail.
mutt Mail management commands.
nslookup Interactive query Internet DNS server command.
dig Find the DNS resolution procedure.
host The command to query DNS.
traceroute Track the status of data transfer routes.
tcpdump Command line grab tool.
Disk and file system commands (16)
mount Mount the file system.
umount Unmount the file system.
fsck Check and repair the Linux file system.
dd Convert or copy files.
dumpe2fs Export ext2/ext3/ext4 file system information.
dump Ext2/3/4 file system backup tool.
fdisk Disk partitioning command for disk partitions up to 2TB.
parted Disk partitioning command, which has no disk size limit and is usually used for disk partitions up to 2TB.
mkfs Format to create a Linux file system.
partprobe Update kernel hard disk partition table information.
e2fsck Check the ext2/ext3/ext4 type file systems.
mkswap Create a Linux swap partition.
swapon Enable swap partitions.
swapoff Close the swap partition.
sync Writes data from the memory buffer to disk.
resize2fs Resize the ext2/ext3/ext4 file system.
System permissions and user authorization related commands (4)
chmod Change file or directory permissions.
chown Changes the owner and group of a file or directory.
chgrp Change the file user group.
umask Displays or sets the permission mask.
View system user login information command (7)
whoami Displays the current valid user name, which is equivalent to executing the ID-UN command.
who Displays the user information currently logged in to the system.
w Displays a list of users who have logged in to the system, and displays the instructions the user is executing.
last Displays the user who has logged into the system.
lastlog Displays the last login information of all users in the system.
users Displays a user list of all users currently logged in to the system.
finger Find and display user information.
Built-in commands and others (19)
echo Prints a variable, or simply prints the specified string
printf Formatted output to standard output.
rpm Commands to manage RPM packages.
yum Commands to automate and simplify the management of RPM packages.
watch Periodically executes a given command and displays the output of the command in full screen.
alias Set the system alias.
unalias Cancel the system alias.
date View or set the system time.
clear Clear the screen, simply clear the screen.
history View the history of command execution.
eject Eject the CD-ROM drive.
time Calculate the command execution time.
nc Powerful network tools.
xargs Converts standard input to command-line arguments.
exec A command that invokes and executes an instruction.
export Sets or displays environment variables.
unset Deletes a variable or function.
type Used to determine if another command is a built-in command.
bc Command line scientific calculator
System administration and performance monitoring commands (9)
chkconfig Manage Linux system boot items.
vmstat Virtual memory statistics.
mpstat Displays state statistics for each available CPU.
iostat Statistical system IO.
sar Full access to the system’s CPU, run queues, disk I/O, paging (swap area), memory, CPU interrupts, and network performance data.
ipcs Used to report the status of the interprocess communication facility in Linux, displaying information including message lists, shared memory, and semaphore information.
ipcrm Used to delete one or more message queues, semaphore sets, or shared memory identifiers.
strace Used to diagnose and debug Linux user space trackers. We use it to monitor user-space processes’ interactions with the kernel, such as system calls, signaling, process state changes, and so on.
ltrace The command tracks the process’s library function calls, and it shows which library function was called.
Command to shut down/restart/log out and view system information (6)
shutdown To turn it off.
halt To turn it off.
poweroff Turn off the power.
logout Quits the currently logged Shell.
exit Quits the currently logged Shell.
Ctrl+d Shortcuts to exit the currently logged Shell.
Process management related commands (15)
bg To change a command suspended in the background to continue (execute in the background).
fg Move the command in the background to the foreground to continue running.
jobs See how many commands are currently running in the background.
kill Terminate the process.
killall Terminates a process by its name.
pkill Terminates a process by its name.
crontab Timed task commands.
ps Shows a snapshot of the process.
pstree The tree shows the process.
nice/renice Adjust the priority of the program.
nohup Run the specified command ignoring a hang signal.
pgrep A process that finds a matching condition.
runlevel View the current running level of your system.
init Toggle the run level.
service Start, stop, restart, and close system services, and display the current status of all system services.

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