The which-whereis-locate-grep find command is used

To find a file, you can use the following commands:

For example:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# which cd
/usr/bin/cd
[root@xuegod63 ~]# whereis cd
cd: /usr/bin/cd /usr/share/man/man1/cd1..gz /usr/share/man/man1p/cd1.p.gz
[root@xuegod63 ~]# whereis ls
ls: /usr/bin/ls /usr/share/man/man1/ls1..gz /usr/share/man/man1p/ls1.p.g
locate
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The locate command is a variant of the locate command, but it is much faster than the find command because it searches for a specific directory file. And locate it search is a database of/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate db, have all the files in the local information in the database; This database is created automatically by Linux and is automatically updated and maintained daily. The configuration information is stored in /etc/updatedb.conf, and the scheduled task information is stored in /etc/cron.daily/mlocate

[root@xuegod63 ~]# yum -y install mlocate
[root@xuegod63 mnt]# touch /opt/xuegod.txt
[root@xuegod63 mnt]# locate xuegod. TXT # locate xuegod
[root@xuegod63 mnt]If you are looking for files of the day, you need to manually update the updatedb database
[root@xuegod63 mnt]# locate xuegod
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Grep Search use

Function: Filter, which can use regular expressions to search for text and print the results as parameters:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# ps -aux | grep sshd | grep -v grep
root  1089  0.0  0.2 105996   4088 ?   Ss   20:19  0:00The/usr/sbin/SSHD - D [root @ xuegod63 ~]# cat/etc/passwd | grep ^ # with a a
[root@xuegod63 ~]# grep bash$/etc/passwd
[root@xuegod63 ~]# grep "nologin\|root" /etc/passwd | wc -lNote: \ indicates an escape character [root@xuegod63 ~]# egrep "nologin|root" /etc/passwd | wc -lNote: egrep is an enhanced version of grepCopy the code

The find command uses

Format: find pathname -options [-print] command word pathname option outputCopy the code

Parameter: pathname: path of the directory found by the find command. If no value is entered, it indicates the current directory. To represent the current directory, and/to represent the system root directory.

Find command options:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /root/ -mtime -1
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The -exec option can be followed by a custom SHELL command in the following format:

Example 2:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# touch {1, 2, 3}. The back
[root@xuegod63 mnt]# find . -name "*.back" -exec ls -l {} \;
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Example 3:

[root@xuegod63 ~]#   find . -name "*.back" -exec mv {} /opt \;
[root@xuegod63 ~]# ls /opt/
1.back  2.back   3.back  rh   xuegod.txt
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Example 4: copy the found file to a specified directory

[root@xuegod63 mnt]# find /root -name "*.txt" -exec cp {} /opt\;
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Example 5: Copy files with the xargs and find commands

-i indicates that the result passed by find to xargs is replaced by {} [root@xuegod63 ~].# rm -rf /opt/* [root@xuegod63 ~]# find . -name "*.txt" | xargs -i cp {} [root@xuegod63 ~]# ls /opt/Copy the code

Example 6: Find multiple types of files

The use of comparators:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# touch a.pdf back.sh
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find . -name "*.sh" -o -name "*.pdf"
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /etc -size +20k -a -size -50k | wc -l
22
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /etc -size +20k | wc -l
49
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Example 7: Search by permission: -perm

[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /bin/ -perm 755# is equal to the0755Permission file or directory [root@xuegod63 ~]# find /bin/ -perm-644 # find /bin/ -perm-644 # find /bin/ -perm-644
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For example, view the files or directories in the system whose permission is at least 777 and create some test files:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# mkdir ccc
[root@xuegod63 ~]# chmod 777 ccc
[root@xuegod63 ~]# mkdir test
[root@xuegod63 ~]# chmod 1777 test
[root@xuegod63 ~]# touch b.sh
[root@xuegod63 ~]# chmod 4777 b.sh
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Looking for: [root@xuegod63 ~]# find /root/ -perm 777 [root@xuegod63 ~]# find /root/ -perm 1777 [root@xuegod63 ~]# find /root/ -perm 4777 example: Find the dangerous directory whose permission is no less than 777 in the system

[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /root/ -perm-777 # find /root/ -perm-777 # find /root/ -perm-777
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Example: the system permission is not lower than 777 dangerous files to find out

[root@xuegod63 ~]# find / -type f -perm-777
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Example 8: Directory depth to look for:

-maxdepth 1 # Searches for files and directories at the first level of the directory. For example, searches for files in the /bin directory with permission equal to 644

[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /etc/ -maxdepth 1 -perm 644 | more
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /bin/ -maxdepth 1 -perm 755 #/bin
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find /bin -maxdepth 1-perm 755 # find /bin -maxdepth 1-perm 755 #
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Example 9: Find all the files belonging to user1 in the system, and put this file in the /root/findresults directory

Note: /root/findresults this needs to be created in advance.

root@xuegod63 ~]# mkdir /root/findresults
[root@xuegod63 ~]# useradd user1
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find / -user user1 -exec cp -a {} /root/findresults/
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# error when copying files to keep all properties of the original file:

Find: '/ proc /43475/task/43475/fd/6': no file or directory find:' /proc/43475/task/43475/fdinfo/6': no file or directory find:' /proc/43475/fd/6': no file or directory find:' /proc/43475/fdinfo/6': No file or directory cp: No directory"/home/user1"To override non-directories"/root/findresults/user1"
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Can I create file user1 and folder user1 in the same directory? Is the file name created in the same directory the same as the directory name? Can not be

[root@xuegod63 ~]# touch abc
[root@xuegod63 ~]# mkdir abcMkdir: Cannot create directory"abc": The file already existsCopy the code

Solution:

[root@xuegod63 ~]# find / -user user1 # find
[root@xuegod63 ~]'/var/spool/mail/user1
[root@xuegod63 ~]# ll /home/user1The names of /var/spool/mail/user1 and /home/user1 are the same. While both are copied to /root/findresults/, /var/spool/mail/user1 is copied first, so /home/user1 cannot be copied. [root@xuegod63 ~]# mv /var/spool/mail/user1
[root@xuegod63 ~]# rm -rf /root/findresults/ *
/var/spool/mail/user1.mail
[root@xuegod63 ~]# find / -user mk -exec cp -a {} /root/findresults/ \;
[root@xuegod63 ~]# mv /var/spool/mail/user1.mail/var/spool/mail/user1 #Copy the code

This is the end of the article for more technology +Copy the code