This chapter describes how to install, uninstall, configure, and maintain Linux system software, as well as how to build enterprise local YUM disk sources and HTTP local sources.
1 RPM package management
Linux package management can be roughly divided into binary packages, source packages, and the tools used are also different. Source Code is an uncompiled package that needs to be compiled by GCC or C++ compiler environment before it can run. Binary Code can be installed and used directly without compilation.
In general, it is easy to distinguish source packages from binary packages by suffixes. For example, packages ending in.tar.gz,.zip,.rar are usually called source packages, and packages ending in.rpm are called binary packages. The real distinction between source or binary code based on the inside of the file to judge, such as containing.h,.c,.cpp,.cc and other end of the source file, known as the source package, and code inside the bin directory can execute the file, known as the binary package.
The CentOS operating system has a default software management tool, Red Hat Package Manager (RPM).
RPM tools can be used to achieve quick installation, management and maintenance of software packages. RPM management tools are suitable for operating systems such as CentOS, RedHat, Fedora, SUSE, etc. RPM tools are often used to manage packages ending in the.rpm suffix.
RPM package command rules are detailed as follows:
RPM package format: name-version.rpm name-version-noarch.rpm name-version-arch.src. RPM package format: Epel - release - 6-8. Noarch. RPM perl - Pod - Plainer - 1.03-1. El6. Noarch. RPM to yasm 1.2.0-4. El7. X86_64. RPM for column analysis is as follows: parsing RPM package format is as follows: name Software name, such as yasm, perl-pod-plainer; version number, 1.2.0 generic format: "Major version number. Minor version number. Amendment number "; 4 denote the release version number and the number of times the RPM package was compiled. Arch is suitable for hardware platforms, RPM supported platforms are: i386, i586, i686, x86_64, SPARC, Alpha and so on. . The RPM suffix package represents the compiled binary package, which can be installed directly with the RPM command; . Src. RPM source code package, source code compilation generation. RPM format RPM package can be used; el* package distribution, el6 means package for RHEL 6.x/CentOS 6.x; devel: development kit; noarch: Packages can be installed on any platform.RPM tool command details as follows:
RPM option package_name-a, --all query all installed packages; -q, --query = "query"; -l, --list prints a list of packages; -f, --file file queries package containing file; -i, --info displays package information, including name, version, and description; -v, --verbose prints details; -u, -- Upgrade RPM software package; -h,-- Hash software installation, can print the installation progress bar; -- Last lists packages sorted by installation date, with the most recent above; -e, --erase erase the RPM package --force --nodeps RPM package does not depend on -l, --list lists files in the package; Provides a list of features provided by the package; -r, --requires a list of other packages the package depends on; --scripts lists the small programs that the package defines.RPM enterprise case presentation:
# check if sysstat package is installed; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# RPM -q sysstat package sysstat is not installed [:] [root@superman-vm01 ~]# rpm-ivh sysstat-10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64.rpm Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1: sysstat 10.1.5-17. El7 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [100%] [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # # to check the software installation path; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# rpm -ql sysstat /etc/cron.d/sysstat /etc/sysconfig/sysstat /etc/sysconfig/sysstat.ioconf /usr/bin/cifsiostat /usr/bin/iostat /usr/bin/mpstat /usr/bin/nfsiostat-sysstat /usr/bin/pidstat /usr/bin/sadf /usr/bin/sar /usr/bin/tapestat .......... # check the version information of the software installed; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# rpm-qi sysstat Name: sysstat Version: 10.1.5 Release: 17.el7 Architecture: x86_64 Install Date: Sat 10 Jul 2021 06:46:49 AM CST Group : Applications/System Size : 1172947 License : GPLv2+ Signature : RSA/SHA256, Mon 12 Nov 2018 10:47:27 PM CST, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5 Source RPM : Sysstat -10.1.5-17.el7.src. RPM Build Date: Wed 31 OCT 2018 04:04:26 AM CST Build Host: x86-01.bsys.centos.org Relocations : (not relocatable) Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org> Vendor : CentOS URL : http://sebastien.godard.pagesperso-orange.fr/ Summary : Collection of performance monitoring tools for Linux Description : The sysstat package contains sar, sadf, mpstat, iostat, pidstat, nfsiostat-sysstat, tapestat, cifsiostat and sa tools for Linux. .......... # uninstall sysstat; [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # RPM - qa | grep sysstat sysstat 10.1.5-17. El7. X86_64 / root @ seen superman - vm01 ~ # [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~]# RPM -e sysstat-10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64 [root@superman-vm01 ~]# # upgrade sysstat software; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# RPM -uvh sysstat-10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64. RPM Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1: sysstat 10.1.5-17. El7 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [100%] [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # # check whether sysstat related package installation; [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # RPM - qa | grep sysstat sysstat 10.1.5-17. El7. X86_64 / root @ seen superman - vm01 ~ # # mandatory uninstall sysstat; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# rpm-e --nodeps sysstat # # does not depend on other packages; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# rpm-ivh --nodeps sysstat-10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64. RPM Preparing... ################################# [100%] Updating / installing... 1: sysstat 10.1.5-17. El7 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # [100%] [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] #Tar package management
Linux operating system in addition to the use of RPM management tools for package management, but also through tar, zip, JAR and other tools for source package management.
2.1 Tar command parameters detail
-a, --catenate, --concatenate merge the archive with an existing archive -c, --create create A new archive -d, --diff, --compare compare how the archive is different from the current file --delete delete from the archive -r, --append append to end of archive -- t, --list lists directories of files in archive --u, --update appends only newer files to archive -- x, --extract, --get extract files -- j, --bzip2, --bzip2 -- Bunzip2 packages with bz2 attributes; -z, --gzip, --ungzip packages with the gz attribute; -b, --block-size N specifies a block size of Nx512 bytes (default N=20); -b, --read-full-blocks; -c, --directory DIR; -- Checkpoint displays directory name when reading archive; -f, --file [HOSTNAME:] f Specifies the archive or device, followed by the file name; --force-local enforces the use of local archives, even if clones exist; -g, --incremental backup of old GNU format; -g, --listed-incremental to create a backup in new GNU format; -h, -- Dereference does not dump the dynamic link, but dumps the file to which the dynamic link points; -i, --ignore-zeros ignores 0 byte blocks in the archive (which usually means end of file); --ignore-failed-read marks the unreadable file as 0 and then exits; -k, --keep-old-files save existing files; Do not overwrite when expanded from the archive; -k, --starting-file F; -l, --one-file-system creates an archive on the local file system; -l, --tape-length N pauses after writing N*1024 bytes, waiting for disk replacement; -m, -- Modification -time does not use a new time tag when restoring a file from a file; Create a multi-volume archive to store on several disks; -o, --to-stdout expands the file to standard output; -p, --absolute-paths do not remove '/' from filename; -v, --verbose shows the files being processed; --version shows the version number of the tar program; --exclude FILE from including the specified FILE; -x, --exclude-from FILE reads a list of unincluded files from the specified FILE.The 2.2.1 TAR command in action
# keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz [root@superman-vm01 ~]# tar-tf keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz keepalived-2.2.2/ keepalived-2.2.2/ keepalived-2.2.2/tools/ Keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools/timed_reload keepalived - 2.2.2 / Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/install - sh keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/missing keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/compile Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/depcomp keepalived 2.2.2 / build - aux/ar - lib keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. Am keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived. Spec. In . # unpack keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# tar-xvf keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz keepalived-2.2.2/ keepalived-2.2.2/ keepalived-2.2.2/tools/ Keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools/timed_reload keepalived - 2.2.2 / Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/install - sh keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/missing keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/compile Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/depcomp keepalived 2.2.2 / build - aux/ar - lib keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. Am keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived. Spec. In Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap/keepalived 2.2.2 / snap/snapcraft yaml keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks/post - refresh keepalived 2.2.2 / snap hooks/install keepalived 2.2.2 / install Keepalived -2.2.2/doc/Makefile. In Keepalived -2.2.2/doc/man/ keepalived-2.2.2/doc/man/man8/........ # package keepalived file or directory to keepalived-2.2.2.tar; [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # tar - CVF keepalived - 2.2.2. Tar keepalived - 2.2.2 keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools/timed_reload keepalived - 2.2.2 / Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/install - sh keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/missing keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/compile Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/depcomp keepalived 2.2.2 / build - aux/ar - lib keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. Am keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived. Spec. In Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap/keepalived 2.2.2 / snap/snapcraft yaml keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks/post - refresh keepalived 2.2.2 / snap hooks/install keepalived 2.2.2 / install Keepalived -2.2.2/doc/Makefile. In Keepalived -2.2.2/doc/man/ keepalived-2.2.2/doc/man/man8/........ # append the a.txt file to keepalived-2.2.2.tar; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# tar-rf keepalived-2.2.2.tar abc.txt [directory]# [directory]# tar-rf keepalived-2.2.2.tar abc.txt Keepalived - 2.2.2. Tar | grep ABC. TXT ABC. TXT/root @ seen superman - vm01 ~ # # using gzip format compressed and packaged keepalived - 2.2.2 directory; [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # tar - CZVF keepalived - 2.2.2. Tar. Gz keepalived - 2.2.2 keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools/timed_reload keepalived - 2.2.2 / Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/install - sh keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/missing keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/compile Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/depcomp keepalived 2.2.2 / build - aux/ar - lib keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. Am keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived. Spec. In Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap/keepalived 2.2.2 / snap/snapcraft yaml keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks/post - refresh keepalived 2.2.2 / snap hooks/install... # Pack and compress the Superman directory using bzip2 format; [root@superman-vm01 ~]# tar-cjvf keepalived-2.2.2.tar.bz2 keepalived-2.2.2 keepalived-2.2.2/ keepalived-2.2.2/ keepalived /tools/ Keepalived - 2.2.2 / tools/timed_reload keepalived - 2.2.2 / Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/install - sh keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/missing keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/compile Keepalived - 2.2.2 / build - aux/depcomp keepalived 2.2.2 / build - aux/ar - lib keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. In keepalived - 2.2.2 / bin_install/Makefile. Am keepalived - 2.2.2 / keepalived. Spec. In Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap/keepalived 2.2.2 / snap/snapcraft yaml keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks / Keepalived - 2.2.2 / snap hooks/post - refresh keepalived 2.2.2 / snap hooks/install... # Use gzip format to package and compress all files in the current directory, excluding files recorded in abc.txt; [root@superman-vm01 ceshi]# ls abc.txt keepalive-2.2.2 [directory ceshi]# [dceshi]# tar-czf Keepalived -2.2.2.tar.gz * -x abc.txt [root@superman-vm01 ceshi]# [caeshi]# tar tf keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz * -x abc.txt [root@superman-vm01 ceshi]# [caeshi]# tar tf Keepalived - 2.2.2. Tar. Gz | grep ABC. TXT ABC. TXT [root @ seen superman - vm01 ceshi] # # using gzip format package and all files and directories in the current directory, eliminate ABC. TXT. [root@superman-vm01 ceshi]# ls abc.txt keepalive-2.2.2 [directory ceshi]# [dceshi]# tar-czf Keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz * --exclude=abc.txt [root@superman-vm01 ceshi]# [caeshi]# tartf keepalived-2.2.2.tar.gz * --exclude=abc.txt [root@superman-vm01 ceshi]# [caeshi]# tartf Keepalived - 2.2.2. Tar. Gz | grep ABC. TXT [root @ seen superman - vm01 ceshi] #3 source package software installation
RPM is usually used to manage binary packages ending in.rpm, while standard.zip, tar source packages cannot be installed, uninstalled, and upgraded using the RPM tool. There are three steps to installing source packages, as follows:
./configure precompiled, mainly used to detect whether the system benchmark environment library is satisfied, generate MakeFile file; make compilation, based on the Makefile generated in the first step, to compile the source code; make install, after compiling, install the relevant runnable files to the system; When compiling with make, the Linux operating system must have a GCC compiler for compiling the source code.Source package installation usually requires three steps:./configure, make, and make install, and some special source code can have only one or two of the three steps.
3.1 source code installation practice
Using CentOS 7 Linux system as the benchmark, install the NGINX source code package on it. The detailed steps of enterprise source code installation are as follows:
1, the nginx.org website to download nginx - 1.19.9. Tar. Gz packages/root @ seen superman - vm01 ~ # wget HTTP: / / http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz - the 2021-07-10 07:43:34 - http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz Resolving nginx.org (nginx.org)... 52.58.199.22, 3.125.197.172, 2 a05: d014: edb: 5702: : 6,... Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org) | 52.58.199.22 | : 80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... Read error (Connection reset by peer) in headers. Retrying. --2021-07-10 07:43:35-- (try: 2) http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org) | 52.58.199.22 | : 80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 887908 (867K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: 'nginx - 1.19.9. Tar. Gz' 57% [= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = >] - 507913. 16 m 50 s - K/s in the 2021-07-10 08:00:26 (503 B/s) - Read error at byte 507913/887908 (Connection timed out). Retrying. --2021-07-10 08:00:28-- (try: 3) http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz Connecting to nginx.org (nginx.org) | 52.58.199.22 | : 80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 206 Partial Content Length: 887908 (867K), 379995 (371K) remaining [application/octet-stream] Saving to: 'nginx - 1.19.9. Tar. Gz' 100% [+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = >] 887908 6.46 KB/s 52 in the 2021-07-10 s 08:01:20 (7.11) KB/s) - 'nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz' saved [root@superman-vm01 ~]# 2, nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz 'saved [root@superman-vm01 ~]# 2, nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz' saved [root@superman-vm01 ~]# tar -xvf nginx-1.19.9.tar.gz nginx-1.19.9/auto/ nginx-1.19.9/conf/ nginx-1.19.9/contrib/ nginx-1.19.9/ SRC / Nginx-1.19.9 /configure nginx-1.19.9/LICENSE nginx-1.19.9/README nginx-1.19.9/ HTML/nginx-1.19.9/man/ Nginx - 1.19.9 / CHANGES. Ru nginx - 1.19.9 / CHANGES nginx - 1.19.9 / man/nginx. 8 nginx - 1.19.9 / HTML / 50 x. HTML Nginx 1.19.9 / HTML/index. The HTML nginx 1.19.9 / SRC/core /... / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure: / Configure Represents the connection of multiple commands. [root @ seen superman - vm01 ~] # CD nginx 1.19.9 /; ./configure checking for OS + Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64 x86_64./configure checking for OS + Linux 3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64. Found + using GNU C Compiler + GCC version: 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-44) (GCC) Checking for GCC-Pipe Switch... found checking for gcc builtin atomic operations ... found checking for C99 variadic macros ... found checking for gcc variadic macros ... found checking for unistd.h ... found checking for inttypes.h ... found checking for limits.h ... found checking for sys/filio.h ... not found checking for sys/param.h ... found checking for sys/mount.h ... found checking for sys/statvfs.h ... found checking for crypt.h ... found checking for Linux specific features checking for epoll ... found checking for EPOLLRDHUP ... found ........... [root@superman-vm01 nginx-1.19.9]# make install make -f objs/Makefile install make[1]: If the directory ` / root/nginx - 1.19.9 'test - d'/usr/local/nginx '| | mkdir -p'/usr/local/nginx 'test - d '/usr/local/nginx/sbin' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/sbin' test ! -f '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' || mv '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx.old' cp objs/nginx '/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx' test -d '/usr/local/nginx/conf' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/koi-win '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/koi-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/win-utf '/usr/local/nginx/conf' test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types' || cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/mime.types '/usr/local/nginx/conf/mime.types.default' test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params' || cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/fastcgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi_params.default' test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf' || cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/fastcgi.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/fastcgi.conf.default' test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params' || cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/uwsgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default' test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params' || cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf' cp conf/scgi_params '/usr/local/nginx/conf/scgi_params.default' test -f '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' || cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf' cp conf/nginx.conf '/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf.default' test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' || mkdir -p '/usr/local/nginx/logs' test -d '/usr/local/nginx/html' || cp -R html '/usr/local/nginx' test -d '/usr/local/nginx/logs' | | mkdir -p '/ usr/local/nginx/logs' make [1] : brigade directory ` / root/nginx - 1.19.9' [root @ seen superman - vm01 nginx - 1.19.9] #Through the above five steps, the source code package software installation success, source code package in the compilation and installation, may encounter a variety of errors, need to solve the error, and then the next step of the installation can be, the following chapter will focus on the use of enterprise software case drill.
4 YUM package management
The front-end package manager (Yellow Updater Modified (YUM)) is suitable for the Shell command line in CentOS, Fedora, RedHat and SUSE. It is mainly used to manage RPM packages, similar in scope to the RPM tool. The YUM tool automatically downloads and installs RPM packages from the specified server and handles dependencies automatically.
When using the RPM tool to manage and install software, you will find that RPM packages have dependencies, which need to be downloaded and installed manually one by one. The biggest convenience of the YUM tool is that you can automatically install all the dependent packages, so as to improve efficiency and save time.
4.1 Working principle of YUM
To learn YUM, we must understand the working principle of YUM. The normal operation of YUM depends on two parts, one is the source end of YUM, the other is the client end of YUM, which is the user end.
All RPM packages installed by the YUM client come from the YUM server, and the YUM source is published via HTTP or FTP server. However, the YUM client can download the dependent RPM package from the YUM source side because the benchmark information of the RPM package is generated in the YUM source side, including the RPM package version number, configuration file, binary information, dependencies, etc.
Repo: /etc/yum.repos. D: /etc/yum.repos. D: /etc/yum.repos. D: /etc/yum.repos. So every time you install and upgrade the RPM package, the YUM client looks for the.repo file.
If the YUM client is configured with the official CentOS Repo source, the client operating system must be able to connect to the external network and meet the network conditions before downloading and installing the software. If there is no network, you can also build the CD source or internal YUM source. When just YUM client, YUM install client software, the default will reduce the YUM source address, the Header information, software, database information, the cache files are stored in/var/cache/YUM, YUM each use tools, YUM is preferred by the cache lookup related packages, are not present in the cache, Then access the external YUM source.
4.2 Detailed explanation of YUM parameters
Because the use of YUM tool is simple, fast, efficient, widely used in the enterprise, get many IT operation and maintenance, program personnel’s favor, to be able to skillfully use YUM tool, you need to master the use of YUM command line parameters, the following is the YUM command tool parameters detailed and practical steps:
Guidelines, YUM YUM command tool format for: YUM [command] [package] - y | - q [options] is optional. -y Install or Uninstall YES, automatically confirm YES; -q does not show the installation process. Yum install sysstat; Yum reinstall sysstat yum search sysstat yum reinstall sysstat yum search sysstat yum Yum list sysstat = sysstat; The yum list displays all installed and installable packages; Yum remove sysstat package sysstat; Yum erase sysstat erase sysstat Yum update kernel update or software update; Yum update sysstat; Yum Check-Update checks for updatable programs; Yum info sysstat displays package information sysstat; Yum provides lists which files the package provides. Yum provides "*/rz" list which package provides the rz command; Yum grouplist asks for the name of the group that can be installed with groupinstall; Yum groupinstall "Chinese Support"; Yum groupremove "Chinese Support"; Yum deplist sysstat allows you to use the Yum deplist sysstat system. Yum clean packages clear packages from the cache directory; Yum clean headers clears headers in the cache directory; Yum clean all clears packages and old headers in the cache directory. Yum repolist {all | enabled | disabled} to list all/enable/disable the yum yum source list {all | installed | avaliable} to list all installed/software package can be installed4.2.1 YUM installation actual combat
Yum install sysstat -y, sysstat -y, sysstat -y, sysstat -y, sysstat -y
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum install sysstat -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: Mirrors.cn99.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check --> Package sysstat. X86_64 0:10.1.5-17.el7 will Be updated --> Package sysstat. X86_64 0:10.1.5-19. EL7 will be an update --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================ Updating: Sysstat x86_64 10.1.5-19.el7 base 315 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================ Upgrade 1 Package Total size: 315 k Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction Warning: RPMDB altered outside of yum. Updating: sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7.x86_64 1/2 Cleanup: SYSSTAT -10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64 Verifying: 1) SYSSTAT -10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64 Verifying: 1) SYSSTAT -10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64 Verifying: 1) Verifying: 1) SYSSTAT -10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64 Verifying: 1) Verifying: Sysstat -10.1.5-17.el7.x86_64 2/2 Updated: sysstat.x86_64 0:10.1.5-19.el7 Complete! [root@superman-vm01 ~]#2. Execute the command yum grouplist to check the software group name of groupinstall
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum grouplist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
There is no installed groups file.
Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum)
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Available Environment Groups:
Minimal Install
Compute Node
Infrastructure Server
File and Print Server
Basic Web Server
Virtualization Host
Server with GUI
GNOME Desktop
KDE Plasma Workspaces
Development and Creative Workstation
Available Groups:
Compatibility Libraries
Console Internet Tools
Development Tools
Graphical Administration Tools
Legacy UNIX Compatibility
Scientific Support
Security Tools
Smart Card Support
System Administration Tools
System Management
Done
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# Yum groupinstall “GNOME Desktop” -y to install the Linux graphics interface
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum groupinstall "GNOME Desktop" -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks There is no installed groups file. Maybe run: yum groups mark convert (see man yum) Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn Warning: Group core does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group gnome-desktop does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group guest agents does not have any packages to install. Package gtk2-immodule-xim-2.24.31-1.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Warning: Group guest-desktop-agents does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group fonts does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group print-client does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group desktop-debugging does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group dial-up does not have any packages to install. Package Gstreamer1-plugins-bad-free-1.10.4-3.el7.x86_64 already Installed and latest version Package gstreamer1-plugins-good 1.10.4-2.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version installed Package gstreamer1-plugins-ugly-free 1.10.4-3.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Warning: Group multimedia does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group base does not have any packages to install. Group base does have 1 conditional packages, which may get installed. Warning: Group internet-browser does not have any packages to install. Warning: Group x11 does not have any packages to install. Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package El7_9 will be installed......... NetworkManager-x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 will be installed.........Yum install sysstat PHP php-devel php-mysql mariadb mariadb-server-y
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum install sysstat php php-devel php-mysql mariadb mariadb-server -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.cn99.com * updates: Mirrors.cn99.com Package sysstat-10.1.5-19.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check -- --> Package mariadb.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1. El7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: MariaDB -Libs (x86-64) = 1:5.5.68-1. EL7 for Package: 1: MariaDB -5.5.68-1. El7.x86_64 -- ibb0 Package MariaDB -server.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1. El7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: perl-DBD-MySQL for package: 1: MariaDB -server-5.5.68-1.el7.x86_64 -- --> Package php.x86_64 0:5.4.16-48. El7 will be installed -- --> Processing Dependency: php-common(x86-64) = 5.4.16-48.el7 for package: php-5.4.16-48.el7.x86_64..........Yum remove ntpdate -y, uninstall ntpdate package
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum remove ntpdate -yLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, LangpacksResolving Dependencies--> Running transaction check-- > Package ntpdate.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will Be erased - > Processing the Dependency: ntpdate = 4.2.6 p5-29 el7. Centos. 2 for package: Ntp-4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2.x86_64--> Running Transaction Check --> Package ntp.x86_64 0:4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 will be erased--> Processing Dependency: ntp for package: IPA-Client -4.6.8-5.el7.centos.6.x86_64--> Running Transaction Check --> Package IPA-Client.x86_64 0:4.6.8-5.el7.centos.6 will be erased--> Finished Dependency ResolutionDependencies Resolved================================================================================ Package Arch Version Repository Size================================================================================Removing: Ntpdate x86_64 4.2.6p5-29.el7.cento. 2 @Base 121 KRemoving For Dependencies: IPA-Client x86_64 4.6.8-5.el7.centos.6 @Updates 255K NTP x86_64 4.2.6p5-29.el7.centos.2 @Base 1.4mTransaction Summary================================================================================Remove 1 Package (+2 Dependent packages)Installed size: 1.7 Mpodpackages :Running transaction checkRunning transaction testTransaction test succeededRunning transaction Erasing: ipa - the client - 4.6.8-5. El7. Centos. 6. A third x86_64 Erasing: NTP - 4.2.6 p5-29 el7. Centos. 2. Two-thirds x86_64 Erasing: NTPDate - 4.2.6P5-29. el7. CENTOS.2.x86_64 Verifying: NTP-4.2.6P5-29. el7. CENTOS.2.x86_64 Verifying: NtpDate - 4.2.6P5-29. el7. CENTOS.2.x86_64 2/3 Verifying: IPA -Client -4.6.8-5.el7. CENTOS. 6.7x86_64 3/3 Removed: Ntpdate. X86_64 0-4. 2.6 the p5-29. El7. Centos. 2 the Dependency Removed: Ipa - client. X86_64 0-4. 6.8-5. El7. Centos. 6 the NTP. X86_64 0-4. 2.6 the p5-29. El7. Centos. 2 complete! [root@superman-vm01 ~]#6, execute the command yum provides rz or yum provides “* / rz”, find the rz command provider
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum provides rzLoaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * extras: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn * updates: Mirrors.bfsu.edu.cnextras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 235 kB 00:00 updates/seven/x86_64 / filelists_db | 5.1 MB 00:04 LRZSZ-0.12.20-36.EL7.x86_64: The LRZ and LSZ Modem Communications ProgramsRepo: ProgramsRepo from:Filename: /usr/bin/rzlzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64: The LRZ and LSZ Modem Communications Programsrepo: @anacondaMatched from:Filename : /usr/bin/rz[root@superman-vm01 ~]# [root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum provides "*/rz"Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacksLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * extras: Mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com LRZSZ 0.12.20-36 el7. X86_64: The lrz and lsz modem communications programsRepo : baseMatched from:Filename : /usr/bin/rzlzsz-0.12.20-36.el7.x86_64: The LRZ and LSZ Modem Communications Programsrepo: @anacondaMatched from:Filename : /usr/bin/rz[root@superman-vm01 ~]#7. Execute the command yum update-y to upgrade all updatable Linux packages or Linux kernel upgrades
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum update -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: Mirrors.huaweicloud.com Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check --> Package geoip.x86_64 0:1.5.0-13.el7 El7 will be updated --> Package geoip.x86_64 0:1.5.0-14. El7 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: geoipupdate for package: Geoip-1.5.0-14.el7.x86_64 --> Package modemManager. X86_64 0:1.6.10-1. El7 will be updated --> Package ModeManager. X86_64 0:1.6.10-4.el7 will be an update --> Package modeManager -glib. X86_64 0:1.6.10-1.el7 will be an update --> Package modeManager -glib Updated --> Package ModemManager glib.x86_64 0:1.6.10-4. El7 will be an update --> Package package.x86_64 0:1.6.10-4. El7 will be an update --> Package package.x86_64 El7. CentOS will be updated --> Package packageKit. X86_64 0:1.1.10-2. El7. CentOS will be an update...........4.3 Configure network sources
# install 163 yum source: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo --2021-07-10 17:07:57-- http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo Resolving mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com)... 1.193.221.38, 124.116.156.215, 124.116.156.214,... Connecting to mirrors.163.com (mirrors.163.com) | 1.193.221.38 | : 80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 1572 (1.5K) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: '/ etc/yum. Repos. D/CentOS7 - Base - 163.' '100% [= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = >] 1572 -. - K / 0 s in the 2021-07-10 s 17:07:57 (76.7MB /s) - '/etc/yum.repos.d/ centos7-base-163.repo' saved [1572/1572] [root@superman-vm01 ~]# # : [root@superman-vm01 ~]# wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo --2021-07-10 17:08:52-- http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo Resolving mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com)... 1.180.14.242, 1.180.14.241, 1.180.14.248,... Connecting to mirrors.aliyun.com (mirrors.aliyun.com) | 1.180.14.242 | : 80... connected. HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK Length: 2523 (2.5k) [application/octet-stream] Saving to: '/ etc/yum. Repos. D/CentOS - Base.' '100% [= = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = >] 2523 -. - K / 0 s in the 2021-07-10 s 17:08:52 (384 MB/s) - '/etc/yum.repos. D/centos-base.repo' saved [2523/2523] [root@superman-vm01 ~]## sohu does not have yum source files available for download, need to configure yourself: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# echo "[sohu] name=Centos-$releasever-sohu baseurl=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-$releasever" > /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-souhu.repo [root@superman-vm01 ~]# [root@superman-vm01 ~]# [root@superman-vm01 ~]# [root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum makecache Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile4.4 Configure local sources
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom
echo "[local]
name=centos-$releasever-local
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7" > /etc/yum.repos.d/centos-7-local.repomount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# echo "[local]
name=centos-$releasever-local
baseurl=file:///mnt/cdrom
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///mnt/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7" > /etc/yum.repos.d/centos-7-local.repo
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# 4.5 Automatic configuration of the warehouse
# yum install yum-utils-y Loaded plugins: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum install yum-utils-y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: Mirrors.aliyun.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00 local | 3.6 kB 00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00 # automatic configuration of domestic epel warehouse: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/ Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration adding repo from: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/ [mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_] name=added from: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/ baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/ enabled=1 [root@superman-vm01 ~]#4.6 Disable/Enable the warehouse
# epel 是仓库的id [epel]
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum-config-manager --disable epel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
[root@superman-vm01 ~]#
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum-config-manager --enable epel
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
[root@superman-vm01 ~]#
# 查看仓库状态：
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum repolist all
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks
Repository 'sohu' is missing name in configuration, using id
Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration
Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
repo id repo name status
C7.0.1406-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Base disabled
C7.0.1406-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.0.1406-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Extras disabled
C7.0.1406-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.0.1406-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.0.1406 - Updates disabled
C7.1.1503-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Base disabled
C7.1.1503-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.1.1503-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Extras disabled
C7.1.1503-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.1.1503-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.1.1503 - Updates disabled
C7.2.1511-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Base disabled
C7.2.1511-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.2.1511-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Extras disabled
C7.2.1511-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.2.1511-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.2.1511 - Updates disabled
C7.3.1611-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Base disabled
C7.3.1611-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.3.1611-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Extras disabled
C7.3.1611-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.3.1611-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.3.1611 - Updates disabled
C7.4.1708-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Base disabled
C7.4.1708-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.4.1708-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Extras disabled
C7.4.1708-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.4.1708-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.4.1708 - Updates disabled
C7.5.1804-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Base disabled
C7.5.1804-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.5.1804-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Extras disabled
C7.5.1804-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.5.1804-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.5.1804 - Updates disabled
C7.6.1810-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Base disabled
C7.6.1810-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.6.1810-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Extras disabled
C7.6.1810-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.6.1810-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.6.1810 - Updates disabled
C7.7.1908-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.7.1908 - Base disabled
C7.7.1908-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.7.1908 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.7.1908-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.7.1908 - Extras disabled
C7.7.1908-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.7.1908 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.7.1908-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.7.1908 - Updates disabled
C7.8.2003-base/x86_64 CentOS-7.8.2003 - Base disabled
C7.8.2003-centosplus/x86_64 CentOS-7.8.2003 - CentOSPlus disabled
C7.8.2003-extras/x86_64 CentOS-7.8.2003 - Extras disabled
C7.8.2003-fasttrack/x86_64 CentOS-7.8.2003 - Fasttrack disabled
C7.8.2003-updates/x86_64 CentOS-7.8.2003 - Updates disabled
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun. enabled: 0
base-debuginfo/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Debuginfo disabled
base-source/7 CentOS-7 - Base Sources disabled
c7-media CentOS-7 - Media disabled
centos-kernel/7/x86_64 CentOS LTS Kernels for x86_64 disabled
centos-kernel-experimental/7/x86_64 CentOS Experimental Kernels for x disabled
centosplus/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Plus - mirrors.aliyun. disabled
centosplus-source/7 CentOS-7 - Plus Sources disabled
contrib/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Contrib - mirrors.aliy disabled
cr/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - cr disabled
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyu enabled: 0
extras-source/7 CentOS-7 - Extras Sources disabled
fasttrack/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - fasttrack disabled
sohu sohu enabled: 0
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliy enabled: 0
updates-source/7 CentOS-7 - Updates Sources disabled
repolist: 0
[root@superman-vm01 ~]#5. Synchronize external network sources
In the enterprise practical application scenario, only relying on the RPM package in the CD can not meet the needs, we can synchronize all the packages in the external network YUM source to the local, can improve the number and integrity of the local YUM source software package.
5.1 Install Reposync tool
[root@superman-vm01 ~]# yum install yum-utils createrepo -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, langpacks Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: Mirrors.aliyun.com * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_ | 4.7 kB 00:00 (1/3) : mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/group_g | 96 kB 00:00 (2/3): 1.0 MB 00:04 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/updatei | (3/3) : 6.9 MB 00:07 mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn_epel_7_x86_64_/primary |5.2 source
# create local directory: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# mkdir /data/{centos,epel} # # sync yum source: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# reposync -r base -r updates -p /data/centos/ Repository base is listed more than once in the configuration Repository updates is listed more than once in the configuration Repository extras is listed more than once in the configuration Repository centosplus is listed more than once in the configuration No Presto metadata Available for base 389-ds-base-1.3.10.2-6.el7.x86 FAILED 389-ds-base-devel-1.3.10.2-6.e FAILED (1/10072): Available for base 389-ds-base-1.3.10.2-6.el7.x86 FAILED 389-ds-base-devel-1.3.10.2-6.e FAILED (1/10072): 389 - ds - base - SNMP - 1.3.10.2-6. El7. X86_64. RPM | 178 kB 00:00 (2/10072) : ElectricFence - 2.2.2-39. El7. I686. RPM | 35 kB 00:00 (3/10072) : ElectricFence - 2.2.2-39. El7. X86_64. RPM | 35 kB 00:00 (4/10072) : GConf2 3.2.6-8 el7. I686. RPM | 1.0 MB 00:01onsaturday (UK time) (5/10072) : Cython - 0.19-5. El7. X86_64. RPM | 1.9 MB 00:03 (6/10072) : GConf2 3.2.6-8 el7. X86_64. RPM | 1.0 MB 00:01onsaturday (UK time) (7/10072) : GConf2 - devel - 3.2.6-8. El7. I686. RPM | 110 kB 00:00 (8/10072) : GConf2 - devel - 3.2.6-8. El7. X86_64. RPM | 110 kB 00:00... # generate metadata: [root@superman-vm01 ~]# createRecepo /data/ CentOS # # create a local source. If you want other servers to use this source, you can publish it with NGINX.Welcome to pay attention to my WeChat public number [super brother’s IT private food] for more technical dry goods!
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