File and directory operations
The command | parsing |
---|---|
cd /home | Go to the ‘/home’ directory |
cd .. | Returns the upper directory |
cd .. /.. | Returns the last two levels of directories |
cd – | Returns the last directory |
cp file1 file2 | Copy file1 to file2 |
cp -a dir1 dir2 | Copy a directory |
cp -a /tmp/dir1 . | Copy a directory to the current working directory (. Represents the current directory) |
ls | View the files in the directory |
ls -a | Show hidden files |
ls -l | Display details |
ls -lrt | Display files by time (L for detailed list, R for reverse sort, t for chronological sort) |
pwd | Display work path |
mkdir dir1 | Create directory ‘dir1’ |
mkdir dir1 dir2 | Create both directories |
mkdir -p /tmp/dir1/dir2 | Create a directory tree |
mv dir1 dir2 | Move/rename a directory |
rm -f file1 | Delete “file1” |
rm -rf dir1 | Delete the contents of directory ‘dir1’ and its subdirectories |
Viewing file Contents
The command | parsing |
---|---|
cat file1 | The contents of the file are viewed forward from the first byte |
head -2 file1 | View the first two lines of a file |
more file1 | View the contents of a long file |
tac file1 | View the contents of a file backwards, starting with the last line |
tail -3 file1 | Look at the last three lines of a file |
vi file | Open and browse the file |
Text content processing
The command | parsing | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
grep str /tmp/test | Find ‘STR’ in file ‘/ TMP /test’ | ||||||||||||
grep ^str /tmp/test | Look for lines starting with ‘STR’ in the file ‘/ TMP /test’ | ||||||||||||
grep [0-9] /tmp/test | Find all lines in the ‘/ TMP /test’ file that contain numbers | ||||||||||||
grep str -r /tmp/* | Look for ‘STR’ in the directory ‘/ TMP’ and its subdirectories | ||||||||||||
diff file1 file2 | Find the differences between the two files | ||||||||||||
sdiff file1 file2 | Shows the differences between two files in a comparative manner | ||||||||||||
vi file |
|
Query operation
The command | parsing |
---|---|
find / -name file1 | Start with ‘/’ and go to the root file system to find files and directories |
find / -user user1 | Find files and directories belonging to user ‘user1’ |
find /home/user1 -name *.bin | Look for files ending in ‘.bin ‘in the directory’/home/user1 ‘ |
find /usr/bin -type f -atime +100 | Find executable files that have not been used in the past 100 days |
find /usr/bin -type f -mtime -10 | Find files that have been created or modified in the last 10 days |
locate *.ps | Look for files ending in ‘.ps’ and run the ‘updatedb’ command first |
The find -name “*. [ch] ‘| xargs grep – E’ expr ‘ | Look for ‘expr’ in all.c and.h files in the current directory and its subdirectories |
The find -print0 -type f | xargs – r0 grep -f ‘expr’ | Look for ‘expr’ in regular files in the current directory and its subdirectories |
The find – maxdepth 1 -type f | xargs grep -f ‘expr’ | Look for ‘expr’ in the current directory |
Compression and decompression
Package compression:
Tar -zcvf newfilenance.tar. gz filename Compress a filename file or directory into newfilenance.tar.gz
Unpack and decompress:
Gz Decompress the filenames. Tar. gz file
The command | parsing |
---|---|
bzip2 file1 | Compression file1 |
bunzip2 file1.bz2 | Unpack the file1..bz2 |
gzip file1 | Compression file1 |
gzip -9 file1 | Maximize the compression of filE1 |
gunzip file1.gz | Unpack the file1. Gz |
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 | Tar (-c: create a compressed file; -v: displays all processes. -f: Use the file name, which is required, and is the last parameter) |
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 dir1 | Package file1, dir1 into archive.tar |
tar -tf archive.tar | Displays the contents of a package |
tar -xvf archive.tar | Release a packet |
tar -xvf archive.tar -C /tmp | Release the package to the/TMP directory |
zip file1.zip file1 | Create a zip package |
zip -r file1.zip file1 dir1 | Compress files and directories into a ZIP package |
unzip file1.zip | Decompress a zip file to the current directory |
unzip test.zip -d /tmp/ | Decompress a zip package to/TMP |
Yum installer
Yum install [package] Manually select install
Yum -y install [package
The command | parsing |
---|---|
yum -y install [package] | Download and install an RPM package |
yum localinstall [package.rpm] | Install an RPM package and use your own repository to resolve any dependencies |
yum -y update | Update all RPM packages installed in the current system |
yum update [package] | Example Update an RPM package |
yum remove [package] | Example Delete an RPM package |
yum list | Lists all packages installed on the current system |
yum search [package] | Search the RPM repository for packages |
yum clean [package] | Example Clear software packages in the /var/cache/yum directory |
yum clean headers | Delete all header files |
yum clean all | Remove all cached packages and header files |
Network related
The command | parsing |
---|---|
ifconfig eth0 | Displays the configuration of an Ethernet card |
Ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 | Configure an IP address for the NIC |
ifdown eth0 | The eth0 network device is disabled |
ifup eth0 | The eth0 network device is enabled |
iwconfig eth1 | Displays the configuration of a wireless card |
iwlist scan | Display wireless network |
ip addr show | The IP address of the network adapter is displayed |
System related
The command | parsing |
---|---|
su – | Switch to root (not su) |
shutdown -h now | To turn it off |
shutdown -r now | restart |
top | List the Linux tasks that use the most CPU resources (type q to exit) |
pstree | Show the program as a tree |
man ping | Check the reference manual (for example, the ping command). |
passwd | Change the password |
df -h | Displays the disk usage |
cal -3 | Displays the calendar for the previous, current, and next month |
cal 10 1988 | Displays the calendar for the specified month and year |
Date — date ‘1970-01-01 UTC 1427888888 seconds’ | Converts a number of seconds relative to 1970-01-01 00:00 into time |
XSheel 5 Related operations
Window Shortcut keys
The command | parsing |
---|---|
Ctrl + u | Deletes the character before the cursor to the beginning of the line |
Ctrl + k | Deletes the character before the cursor to the end of the line |
Ctrl + c | To cancel the current command is equivalent to Ctrl + Break |
Ctrl + a | Move the cursor to the ahead of line, equivalent to the usual Home button |
Ctrl + e | The cursor moves to the end of the line |
Ctrl + f | Move the cursor forward by one character position |
Ctrl + b | Move the cursor backward by one character |
Ctrl + l | Clearing the screen is equivalent to running the clear command |
Ctrl + r | Displays: no prompt, searches for related history commands based on user input (reverse i-search) |
Ctrl + w | Deletes the beginning of the word from before the cursor position to the current position |
Ctrl + t | Swap the two characters before the cursor position |
Ctrl + y | Paste the last deleted word |
Ctrl + Alt + d | According to the desktop |
Alt + b | The cursor moves backward to the previous word |
Alt + d | Deletes from the cursor position to the end of the current word |
Alt + F2 | run |
Alt + F4 | Close the current window |
Alt + F9 | Minimize the current window |
Alt + F10 | Maximize the current window |
Alt + Tab | Switching window |
Alt + click | Move the window (or scroll the mouse wheel in the bottom taskbar) |
Operation tips
Middle mouse button: Paste highlighted text. Use the left mouse button to select text. Place the cursor where you want to paste the text. Click the middle mouse button to paste.
Tab: Automatic command line completion. You can use this when using shell prompts. Type the first few characters of a command or file name, and then press [Tab]. It automatically completes the command or displays all commands that match the typed characters.
Click the middle mouse button in the margin of the scroll bar: the screen is rolled to that place.
Press/directly in the desktop or file manager to enter the location and open the file manager.
In vi or Firefox, press/to enter the quick search mode.
Web links and images can be dragged and dropped onto your desktop or directory for immediate download.
You can get the full pathname in the terminal by dragging the file from the file manager directly into the terminal.
From: blog.csdn.net/o0darknessy…