Shell programming

  1. The file extension is. Sh

    Create file vi hello.sh#! /bin/bash
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  2. Add an account userAdd Zhangfei

    Set the password to passwd XXX

    Enter account su XXX

    To delete the account, run userdel -r XXX

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Linux

  1. Linux root directory /

  2. Directory:

    Bin: binary file, which is the Linux executable file boot: boot directory dev: device file etc: system configuration file ^ home: user lib: library file media: multimedia MMT: Shared folder opt: optional tool Proc: information about processes root: home directory for super users RUN: information about running processes Sbin: binary system SRV: information about services sys: system files TMP: temporary usr: a user-level directory is similar to a shared data resource "C :/program files" ^ var: information about a variableCopy the code
  3. View the current directory: PWD ~ : Home directory of the current user Command format: command [- options][Parameters] The command is case-sensitive, where options and parameters are optional. The options and parameters are separated by Spaces. Ls -a Also displays the hidden directory ls -l(ll) Displays details. Whoami user switch: su XXX root user switch to # user exit su is used with exitCopy the code
  4. File operation: Create file named filename :touch filename (the file is black, The directory is blue) Create a file named filename in the dir directory :touch dir/filename echo The command output shows the file echo hello >a.txt Write the string of Hello to a.txt echo hello >>a.txt Write hello to append to a. TXT to view file contents: Cat a.txt Viewing the contents of a file More fileName Viewing the contents of a file in a split screen Back is not supported (Press Enter to split screen, look down the space, and turn a page to exit q less is also available.) head -5 /fileName View the first five lines. Tail -5 /fileName View the next five linesCopy the code
  5. Directory operation: Create a common folder: mkdir Directory name Create a multi-level parent folder: mkdir -p directory/directory/directory Move a directory: Mv hello/ a Hello directory :mv a b./ indicates that the current directory is a recursive copy. Cp -r word/ hello (copy word directory to hello directory) Delete files: rm b.txt Delete files: rm -r directory Violent delete: rm -rf (f can stand for false)Copy the code
  6. Find./ -name "*.txt" Type of files that can be searched: find./ -type f (search for all files) find./ -type d (Search for all directories) Search for the contents of files: Grep hello b.xt (find hello in b.xt)Copy the code
  7. Permission management:

    chmodPermission File/directory Specifies the permission information of a file,r read4W to write2 xperform1

    Owner (created user), owner group (belonging to that user group), other groups

    Add to a.txt file ownerx(Execute permission)chmod u+x a.txt

    Add to the a.txt file groupx(Execute permission)chmod g+x a.txt

    Add to the a.txt file groupx(Execute permission)chmod o+x a.txt

    chmod 664 a.txt

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  8. Process command: ps view the current terminal window in the process of ps - aux: view all the processes in a system (ps - aux | more) ps - ef: view the list of the current process (ppid the parent process) kill process: kill kill 9 specified process number: forced to delete the specified processCopy the code
  9. Other commands :ifconfig: Displays information about the current system, including the IP address. Tar ZCVF File name of the compressed file.tar.gz Path 1 Path 2... Gz: decompress the decompress package. Man [Chapter ID] Command/function name: Query the specified command or function (help query)Copy the code

Use the VI tool

  1. Vi and vim are text editors based on Linux commands

  2. Edit command in command mode:i: Inserts before the current positiona: Inserts after the current positiono: Inserts under the current line

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  3. Shell <br /> Command line mode delete commands :x: delete one character Dw: delete the current word 3DW: delete three words DD: delete the current line 5dd: delete five lines Command line mode change mode :r: replace one character CW: replace one word cc: replace one line C : Replace copy from cursor to end of line command line mode command :yw: copy word YY: copy line dw: cut word dd: cut line P: paste down current line U Undo CTRL + R Cancel undo <br />

Bottom line mode command ::w save to a newfile :w newfile save to a newfile :wq save to exit vi(or zz, or x):q! 1,2, co3 copy rows 1,2, 4,5mo6 move rows 4, Line 5 after line 6 :%s/source string/target string (to implement string replacement for all the first replacements of each line) :%s/source string/target string /g to replace all in each line use the vimtutor command to practice vi command user directory ~ /. Vimrc)Copy the code