Learn turtle library drawing and play all winter

Turtle, also known as Turtle renderer, uses the Turtle library for drawing, also known as Turtle drawing. The Turtle library is a popular Python library for drawing images. Turtle renderer, with all kinds of 3D software. Powerful and easy to use. The rendering speed of the renderer is better than that of the renderer, and a variety of 3D software has a good combination. You need to import the library before using it: Import Turtle

The drawing commands

There are many commands for manipulating turtle drawings, which can be divided into three categories:

One is movement command; One is the paintbrush control command; There are also global control commands;

(1) Brush movement command:

The command	instructions
turtle.forward(distance)	Moves the distance pixel length to the current brush direction
turtle.backward(distance)	Moves the distance pixel length in the opposite direction of the current brush
turtle.right(degree)	Move clockwise by degree degree
turtle.left(degree)	Move counterclockwise by degree degrees
turtle.pendown()	Draws while moving, also draws by default
turtle.goto(x,y)	Move the brush to x,y
turtle.penup()	When moving without drawing, lift the pen for drawing in another place
turtle.speed(speed)	Brush drawing speed range [0,10] integer
turtle.circle()	Draw a circle with a radius of positive (negative), meaning the center of the circle is drawn to the left (right) of the brush

(2) Brush control command:

The command	instructions
turtle.pensize(width)	The width when drawing the graph
turtle.pencolor()	The brush color
turtle.fillcolor(colorstring)	Draw the fill color of the graph
turtle.color(color1, color2)	Set pencolor=color1 and fillcolor=color2
turtle.filling()	Returns whether the current state is filled
turtle.begin_fill()	Ready to fill the graph
turtle.end_fill()	Fill completed;
turtle.hideturtle()	Hide arrow display;
turtle.showturtle()	Corresponds to the hideturtle() function

(3) Global control command

The command	instructions
turtle.clear()	Clear the Turtle window, but the position and status of Turtle will not change
turtle.reset()	Clear the window and reset turtle to the start state
turtle.undo()	Undo the previous turtle action
turtle.isvisible()	Returns whether the current Turtle is visible
stamp()	Copy current graph
turtle.write(s[,font=(“font-name”,fontsize,”fonttype”)])	Write text, s is the text content, font is the font parameter, inside the font name, size and type respectively; Font is optional, and the parameter of font is optional

(4) Detailed command explanation

turtle.colormode(mode)

1.0:RGB decimal mode 255:RGB integer mode

Turtle.penup () alias turtle.pu() the brush is lifted without leaving a trace
Turtle.pendown () alias turtle.pd() ‘the brush falls, leaving a trace
Turtle.pensize (width) Alias turtle.width(width) Brush width
turtle.pencolor(color)

Pencolor ((0.63,0.13,0.94))RGB tuple value turtle.pencolor((0.63,0.13,0.94))RGB tuple value

Turtle.forword (d) alias turtle.fd(d) Forward travel d: distance traveled, which can be a negative number
Turtle.circle (r,extent=None) Draws an extent Angle radian r based on radius r: the default center is r distance to the left of the turtle
Turtle.setheading (Angle) alias turtle.seth(Angle) changes direction
Angle: the Angle at which the direction is changed (absolute coordinates, absolute Angle)
Turtle. left(Angle) turtle.right(Angle) Angle: Angle turned in the current direction

Let’s practice this in a “social person” way

from turtle import *def nose(x,y):    

"""Draw the nose"""    
pensize(5)    
pencolor((255, 155, 192))    
penup()    
# Move the turtle to the specified coordinates
goto(x,y)    
pendown()    
# Set the direction of the turtle (0-east, 90-north, 180-west, 270-south)Setheading (-30) begin_fill() fillcolor(255, 192, 203) a = 0.4for i in range(120):        
if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i <90:            
a = a + 0.08            
Turn left 3 degrees
left(3)            
# forward
forward(a)        
else: a = a-0.08 left(3) forward(a) end_fill() penup() setheading(90) forward(25) setheading(0) forward(10) pendown()# Set the brush color (red, green, blue)
pencolor(255, 155, 192)    
setheading(10)    
begin_fill()    
circle(5)    
color(160, 82, 45)    
end_fill()    
penup()    
setheading(0)    
forward(20)    
pendown()    
pencolor(255, 155, 192)    
setheading(10)    
begin_fill()    
circle(5)    
color(160, 82, 45)    
end_fill()def head(x, y):    
"""Painting head"""    
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")    
penup()    goto(x,y)    setheading(0)    pendown()    begin_fill()    
setheading(180)    circle(300, -30)    circle(100, -60)    
circle(80, -100)    circle(150, -20)    circle(60, -95)    
setheading(161)    circle(-300, 15)    penup()    
goto(-100, 100)    pendown()    setheading(-30)    
a = 0.4    for i in range(60):        
if 0<= i < 30 or 60 <= i < 90:            
a = a + 0.08            
lt(3) Turn left 3 degrees
fd(a) # Take a step forward
else: a = a -0.08lt (3) fd(a) end_fill() def ears(x,y):"""Draw ears."""    
color((255, 155, 192), "pink")   
penup()    
goto(x, y)    
pendown()    
begin_fill()    
setheading(100)    
circle(-50, 50)    
circle(-10, 120)    
circle(-50, 54)    
end_fill()    
penup()    
setheading(90)    
forward(-12)    
setheading(0)    
forward(30)    
pendown()    
begin_fill()   
setheading(90)    
circle(-50, 50)    circle(-10, 120)    circle(-50, 56)    end_fill()def eyes(x,y):  
  """Draw the eyes."""    color((255, 155, 192), "white")    penup()    setheading(90)   
 forward(-20)    setheading(0)    forward(-95)    pendown()    begin_fill()    
circle(15)    end_fill()    color("black")    penup()    setheading(90)   
 forward(12)    setheading(0)    forward(-3)    pendown()   
 begin_fill()    circle(3)    end_fill()    color((255, 155, 192), "white")    
penup()    seth(90)    forward(-25)    seth(0)    forward(40)    pendown()    
begin_fill()    circle(15)    end_fill()    color("black")    penup()    setheading(90)    forward(12)    setheading(0)    forward(-3)    pendown()    begin_fill()    circle(3)    end_fill()def cheek(x,y):    """Painting cheeks."""    color((255, 155, 192))    penup()    goto(x,y)    pendown()    setheading(0)    begin_fill()    circle(30)    end_fill()def mouth(x,y):    """Draw the mouth."""    color(239, 69, 19)    penup()    goto(x, y)    pendown()    setheading(-80)    circle(30, 40)    circle(40, 80)def body(x,y):    ' ''Draw the body'' '    penup()    goto(x,y)    pencolor('red'Fillcolor (250,106,106) begin_fill() setheading(-66) circle(-450,17) setheading(180) forward(185) Circle setheading (85) (450) end_fill ()' ''right'' 'penup() goto(110,-45) pendown() pensize(8) pencolor(255, 192, Goto (167,-5) Pendown () setheading(-120) forward(20) left(100) forward(20)' ''the left'' 'penup() goto(-25,-45) pendown() pencolor(255, 192, Goto (-78,-6) Pendown () setheading(-60) forward(20) right(100) forward(20)def  feet1(x,y): pensize(7) pencolor(255, 192, Goto (x-12,y-10) pendown() pendown() pencolor(238,201,0) Fillcolor (238,230,132) begin_fill() setheading(0) forward(24) right(90) forward(36) right(90) forward(40) Circle (-10,180) forward(16) left(90) forward(12) end_fill()def feet2(x,y): pensize(7) pencolor(255, 192, Goto (x-12,y-10) pendown() pendown() pencolor(238,201,0) Fillcolor (238,230,132) begin_fill() setheading(0) forward(24) right(90) forward(36) right(90) forward(40) Circle (-10,180) forward(16) left(90) forward(12) end_fill()def tail(x,y): pensize(8) penup() goto(x,y) pendown() pencolor(255, 192, Circle (10, 100) circle(10,180) def backg(x): Penup () goto(-420,x) setheading(0) fillcolor(50,205,50) begin_fill() right(90) right(90) Fill (840) right(90) forward(300) end_fill() setheading(0) fillcolor(0,191,255) begin_fill() left(90) forward(600) left(90) forward(840) left(90) forward(600) end_fill()def cloude1(x, y):"""Painting"""Penup () goto(x,y) setheading(90) fillcolor(255,255,255) fill() a = 0.4for i in range(120):        if 0 <= i < 30 or 60 <= i <90:            a = a + 0.14            Cloude2 (x, y) def cloude2(x, y): def cloude2(x, y): Fill () a = 0.4 for I in range(120): begin_fill() a = 0.4 for I in range(120): If 0 <= I < 30 or 60 <= I <90: a = a + 0.15 # left(3) # forward(a) else: A = a-0.13 left(3) forward(a) def setting(): Pensize (5) # hideturtle() colormode(255) color(255, 155, 192), "pink") setup(840, 700) speed(10)def main(): """ main function """ setting() backg(0) body(105,-20) nose(-100, 100) head(-69, 167) ears(0, 160) eyes(0, 140) cheek(80, 50) 10) mouth(-20, 30) feet1 feet2 (10-150) (90-150) tail (130-110) cloude1 cloude2 (200200) (300300) done () if __name__ = = "__main__ ': main()Copy the code

Turtle works

1. Pentagram

import turtle

turtle.color('red'.'red')
turtle.begin_fill()
for i in range(5):    
    turtle.forward(100)                                   
    turtle.right(144)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.hideturtle()
turtle.done()Copy the code

2. Pink Heart

import turtle
t = turtle.Turtle()
t.speed(0)
def curvemove():    
    for i in range(200):        
        t.right(1)        
        t.forward(1)
t.color('red'.'pink'Curvemove () t.curve (120) t.curve () t.curve (111.65) t.end_fill() t.hideturtle() turtle.done()Copy the code

The Olympic Rings

import turtle  Import the Turtle module

turtle.width(5)  # Determine the width of the circle
turtle.circle(60)  # Determine the radius of the circle

turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(140)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("red")  # Determine the color of the circle
turtle.circle(60)

turtle.penup()
turtle.forward(140)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("yellow")
turtle.circle(60)

turtle.penup()           
turtle.goto(210, -50)        
turtle.pendown()              
turtle.color("blue")   
turtle.circle(60)      
           
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(60, -50)
turtle.pendown()
turtle.color("green")
turtle.circle(60)

turtle.done()Copy the code

4. Clock 1

# coding=utf-8
 
import turtle
from datetime import *
 
 
# Lift the brush, move it forward for some distance and put it down
def Skip(step):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.forward(step)
    turtle.pendown()
 
 
def mkHand(name, length):
    # Register the Turtle shape and create the watchpin TurtleTurtle. Reset () Skip (- length * 0.1)# Start recording the vertices of the polygon. The current turtle position is the first vertex of the polygon.Turtle turtle. Begin_poly (). The forward (length * 1.1)# Stop recording vertices of polygons. The current turtle position is the last vertex of the polygon. It's going to be connected to the first vertex.
    turtle.end_poly()
    # return the last recorded polygon.
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm)
 
 
def Init():
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer
    # reset Turtle to point north
    turtle.mode("logo")
    Create three pins Turtle and initialize
    mkHand("secHand", 135)
    mkHand("minHand", 125)
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()
    secHand.shape("secHand")
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()
    minHand.shape("minHand")
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")
 
    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)
        hand.speed(0)
 
        # create the output text Turtle
    printer = turtle.Turtle()
 
    # Hide the turtle shape of the brush
    printer.hideturtle()
    printer.penup()
 
 
def SetupClock(radius):
    Create table outer box
    turtle.reset()
    turtle.pensize(7)
    turtle.pencolor("#ff5500")
    turtle.fillcolor("green")
 
    for i in range(60):
        Skip(radius)
        if i % 5 == 0:
            turtle.forward(20)
            Skip(-radius - 20)
 
            Skip(radius + 20)
            if i == 0:
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))
            elif i == 30:
                Skip(25)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))
                Skip(-25)
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):
                Skip(20)
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))
                Skip(-20)
            else:
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))
            Skip(-radius - 20)
        else:
            turtle.dot(5)
            Skip(-radius)
        turtle.right(6)
 
 
def Week(t):
    week = ["Monday"."Tuesday"."Wednesday"."Thursday"."Friday"."Saturday"."Sunday"]
    return week[t.weekday()]
 
 
def Date(t):
    y = t.year
    m = t.month
    d = t.day
    return "%s-%d-%d" % (y, m, d)
 
 
def Tick():
    Draw the dynamic display of the needleT = datetime.today() second = t.second + t. icrosecond * 0.000001 minute = T. minute + second / 60.0 hour = t.hour + Minute / 60.0 sechand.setheading (6 * second) minhand.setheading (6 * minute) Hurhand.setheading (30 * hour) turtle.tracer(False) printer.forward(65) printer.write(Week(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14."bold"))
    printer.back(130)
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center",
                  font=("Courier", 14."bold"))
    printer.home()
    turtle.tracer(True)
 
    Continue to call tick after # 100ms
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)
 
 
def main():
    # Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for updating drawings.
    turtle.tracer(False)
    Init()
    SetupClock(160)
    turtle.tracer(True)
    Tick()
    turtle.mainloop()
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()Copy the code

The clock 2

# coding=utf-8

import turtle
from datetime import * 

# Lift the brush, move it forward for some distance and put it down
def Skip(step):    
    turtle.penup()    
    turtle.forward(step)    
    turtle.pendown()  

def mkHand(name, length):    
    # Register the Turtle shape and create the watchpin TurtleTurtle. Reset () Skip (- length * 0.1)# Start recording the vertices of the polygon. The current turtle position is the first vertex of the polygon.Turtle turtle. Begin_poly (). The forward (length * 1.1)# Stop recording vertices of polygons. The current turtle position is the last vertex of the polygon. It's going to be connected to the first vertex.
    turtle.end_poly()    
    # return the last recorded polygon.
    handForm = turtle.get_poly()    
    turtle.register_shape(name, handForm) 
 
def Init():    
    global secHand, minHand, hurHand, printer    
    # reset Turtle to point north
    turtle.mode("logo")    
    Create three pins Turtle and initialize
    mkHand("secHand", 135)    
    mkHand("minHand", 125)    
    mkHand("hurHand", 90)    
    secHand = turtle.Turtle()    
    secHand.shape("secHand")    
    minHand = turtle.Turtle()    
    minHand.shape("minHand")    
    hurHand = turtle.Turtle()    
    hurHand.shape("hurHand")    
 
    for hand in secHand, minHand, hurHand:        
        hand.shapesize(1, 1, 3)        
        hand.speed(0)   
      
    # create the output text Turtle
    printer = turtle.Turtle()  
   
    # Hide the turtle shape of the brush
    printer.hideturtle()    
    printer.penup()  


def SetupClock(radius):    
    Create table outer box
    turtle.reset()    
    turtle.pensize(7)    
    turtle.pencolor("#ff5500")    
    turtle.fillcolor("green") 
    
    for i in range(60):        
        Skip(radius)        
        if i % 5 == 0:            
            turtle.forward(20)           
            Skip(-radius - 20)   
          
            Skip(radius + 20)            
            if i == 0:                
                turtle.write(int(12), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))            
            elif i == 30:                
                Skip(25)                
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))                
                Skip(-25)            
            elif (i == 25 or i == 35):                
                Skip(20)                
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))                
                Skip(-20)            
            else:                
                turtle.write(int(i / 5), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))            
            Skip(-radius - 20)        
        else:            
            turtle.dot(5)            
            Skip(-radius)        
        turtle.right(6)  
def Week(t):    
    week = ["Monday"."Tuesday"."Wednesday"."Thursday"."Friday"."Saturday"."Sunday"]    
    return week[t.weekday()]  

def Date(t):    
    y = t.year   
    m = t.month    
    d = t.day    
    return "%s-%d-%d" % (y, m, d)  

def Tick():    
    Draw the dynamic display of the needleT = datetime.today() second = t.second + t. icrosecond * 0.000001 minute = T. minute + second / 60.0 hour = t.hour + Minute / 60.0 sechand.setheading (6 * second) minhand.setheading (6 * minute) Hurhand.setheading (30 * hour) turtle.tracer(False) printer.forward(65) printer.write(Week(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))    
    printer.back(130)    
    printer.write(Date(t), align="center", font=("Courier", 14."bold"))    
    printer.home()    
    turtle.tracer(True)     

    Continue to call tick after # 100ms
    turtle.ontimer(Tick, 100)  

def main():    
    # Turn turtle animation on/off and set delay for updating drawings.
    turtle.tracer(False)    
    Init()    
    SetupClock(160)    
    turtle.tracer(True)    
    Tick()    
    turtle.mainloop()  

if __name__ == "__main__":    
    main()Copy the code

5, 1 tree

from turtle import *from random import *from math import *def tree(n, l):    pd() T = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25 pencolor(t, t, t) pensize(n / 3) forward(l) # draw tree if n > 0: D = l * (random() * 0.25 + 0.7) # the length of the next branch # Right (b) tree(n-1, D) # left(b + c) tree(n-1, D) # right(c) else: N = cos(radians(heading() -45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n, n*0.8, N *0.8) circle(3) left(90) # if(random() > 0.7: Pu () # falling t = heading() an = -40 + random()*40 setheading(an) dis = int(800*random()*0.5 + 400*random()*0.3 + 200*random()*0.2) forward(dis) setheading(t) # draw leaf pd() right(90) n = cos(radians(heading() -45)) / 4 + 0.5 Pencolor (+ n * n * 0.5 + 0.5, 0.4, 0.4 0.4+n*0.4) circle(2) left(90) pu() # return t = heading() setheading(an) backward(dis) setheading(t) pu() backward(l)# Return bgColor (0.5, 0.5, 0.5) # Background color HT () # Hide Turtlespeed (0) # Speed, 1-10 progression, 0 fastest tracer(0, 0)pu() # Backward (100)left(90) # Left (90) # Backward (300) # back 300tree(12, 100) # Recursion 7 layer done()Copy the code

6, trees,

import turtleimport randomfrom turtle import *from time import sleept = turtle.Turtle()w = turtle.Screen()def tree(branchLen, t):    if branchLen > 3:        if 8 <= branchLen <= 12:            if random.randint(0, 2) == 0:                t.color('snow')            else:                t.color('lightcoral')            t.pensize(branchLen / 3)        elif branchLen < 8:            if random.randint(0, 1) == 0:                t.color('snow')            else:                t.color('lightcoral')            t.pensize(branchLen / 2)        else:            t.color('sienna')            t.pensize(branchLen / 10)        t.forward(branchLen)        a = 1.5 * random.random()        t.right(20*a)        b = 1.5 * random.random()        tree(branchLen-10*b, t)        t.left(40*a)        tree(branchLen-10*b, t)        t.right(20*a)        t.up()        t.backward(branchLen)        t.down()def petal(m, t):  For I in range(m): a = 200 - 400 * random.random() b = 10 - 20 * random.random() t.up() t.forward(b) t.left(90) t.forward(a) t.down() t.color("lightcoral") t.circle(1) t.up() t.backward(a) t.right(90) t.backward(b)def main(): t = turtle.Turtle() myWin = turtle.Screen() getscreen().tracer(5, 0) turtle.screensize(bg='wheat') t.left(90) t.up() t.backward(150) t.down() t.color('sienna') tree(60, t) petal(100, t) myWin.exitonclick()main()Copy the code

7, trees,

from turtle import *from random import *from math import *def tree(n, l): Pd () t = cos(radians(heading() + 45)) / 8 + 0.25 pencolor(t, t, t) pensize(n / 4) forward(l)ifn > 0: B = random() * 15 + 10 C = random() * 15 + 10 D = l * (random() * 0.35 + 0.6) tree(n-1, d) left(b + c) tree(n - 1, d) right(c)else: Right (90) n = cos(radians(heading() -45)) / 4 + 0.5 pencolor(n, n, n) circle(2) left(90) pu() backward(l)bgcolor(0.5, 0.5, 0.5) ht () speed (0) tracer (0, 0) left (90), pu (backward) tree (13, 100) (300).done(a)Copy the code