This article is participating in the topic “Through Linux 30 years” essay activity
preface
Because the Linux kernel is open source, so the Linux distribution version is very many, each has its own pros and cons, in the end which is good, we have different opinions, so I decided to install their own free play again. Who would I say if I didn’t experience it?
Debian
Debian GNU/Linux, or Debian for short, is a Linux distribution that is one of the few purely community-driven Linux distributions that are not controlled by commercial companies or government agencies.
Since Debian uses the Linux Kernel (the core of the operating system), but most of the basic operating system tools come from the GNU project, it is also called Debian GNU/Linux. Debian GNU/Linux comes with over 43,000 packages, precompiled and packaged in DEB format for easy installation, uninstallation, and upgrade. Package management system is called DPKG (bottom layer), and front-end tools include APT, Aptitude, graphical interface management tools, etc. Debian’s package management system is one of its best features and is loved and appreciated by its users. Work is under way to get Debian to support other operating system kernels, most notably Hurd. Hurd is a set of daemons that run on microkernels such as Mach and provide a variety of functions.
Official website: www.debian.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
Debian Linux installation is simple-to-boot.
Debian Linux installation, did not encounter any difficulties, but two head of my silly next network installation version, installation for a long time, installation process can choose which graphical interface, I chose the default, should be GNOME bar, login interface effect is as follows.
The login page is as follows.
Debian Linux is a meta-distribution, which is fine to use, but for beginners I recommend using its derivative distribution, which I’ll cover later.
Deepin
Deepin (formerly: Linux Deepin; Chinese general name: Shenzhidu Operating system) is a Linux operating system developed by Wuhan Shenzhidu Technology Co., LTD on the basis of Debian. Its predecessor is Hiweed Linux operating system, which was released on February 28, 2004 and can be installed on personal computers and servers.
The Deepin operating system integrates the Deepin Desktop Environment and supports first-party applications such as Deepin Store, Deepin Music, and Deepin Movie. In 2019, Huawei began selling laptops preinstalled with the Deepin operating system. In 2020, Deepin V20 was officially released, the underlying repository was upgraded to Debian 10.5, the system was installed using Kernel 5.4 and Kernel 5.7 dual-kernel mechanism, and the user interface was greatly adjusted.
Official website: www.deepin.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
The installation effect is as follows.
After the installation is complete and restart, you need to configure some information.
It took some time to log in to the virtual machine.
The login results are as follows.
Deepin Linux is our domestic distribution of oh, you can go to the encyclopedia.
Ubuntu
Ubuntu is a Linux operating system based on desktop applications. Its name comes from the word “Ubuntu” in The Zulu or Hausa languages of Southern Africa, which means “humanity” and “I exist because everyone exists”. It is a traditional African value. Ubuntu is based on the Debian distribution and the Gnome desktop environment, and since version 11.04, the Ubuntu distribution has dropped the Gnome desktop environment in favor of Unity. People used to think Linux was hard to install and hard to use, but that’s all gone with Ubuntu. Ubuntu also has a huge community that users can easily tap for help. Since Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, Ubuntu distributions have gone back to using the GNOME3 desktop environment.
Official website: cn.ubuntu.com/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
The login screen is as follows.
The login results are as follows.
Ubuntu Linux is one of the most popular desktop versions of Linux. It is recommended for beginners to use Ubuntu Linux. At first, it will feel inconvenient, but later you will get used to it. My first long-term Linux distribution was Ubuntu Linux.
Ubuntu Kylin
Ubuntu Kylin (Ubuntu Kylin) is a global open source project led by Kylin Software Co., LTD and CCN Open Source Software Innovation Joint Laboratory. Its purpose is to develop user friendly desktop environment and application software with specific requirements.
Euqylin operating system is the official derivative of Ubuntu, which has been widely participated in and enthusiastically supported by many community fans at home and abroad, including Debian, Ubuntu, LUPA and Linux user groups around the country.
Official website: www.ubuntukylin.com/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
The installation effect is as follows.
The login page is as follows.
The login results are as follows.
Ubuntu Kylin Linux is our country’s leading distribution.
Linux Mint
Linux Mint was started in 2006 by the Linux Mint Team and is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu and Debian. The goal is to provide a more complete instantly available experience that includes browser plug-ins, multimedia codecs, support for DVD playback, Java, and other components. It also adds a custom desktop and menus, some unique configuration tools, and a Web-based software package installation interface. Linux Mint is a user-friendly and powerful operating system. It was created to provide a free, easy-to-use, comfortable and elegant desktop operating system for home users and businesses.
Linux Mint is an operating system designed for PCS and x86-based computers. So a computer that can run Windows can use Linux Mint instead of Windows. You can also run two operating systems at the same time, creating a so-called “dual system.” Similarly, macOS, BSD, or other Unix-based systems can coexist with Linux Mint. If you have multiple systems, you can select different systems from the boot menu when your computer boots up. Linux Mint works well on a single-system computer, but it can also automatically detect and interact with other operating systems. Linux Mint is a secure, stable, efficient and increasingly easy to use system with excellent design.
Website: linuxmint.com/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
Linux Mint is also easy to install, and the installation process looks like this.
The login page is as follows.
The login results are as follows.
If you look closely, you will find that my physical machine is Linux Mint. I have almost no problems with it, and it is very stable. The key is that the interface layout is very similar to that of other operating systems we are familiar with. However, the installation on a physical machine is more complicated than that on a VIRTUAL machine. You can choose to use it on a virtual machine.
openSUSE
The openSUSE (IPA :/̩əʊ. P ː sː z/) project is an open source project launched by Novell to promote the widespread use of Linux. It provides a free and easy way to obtain one of the best Linux distributions in the world: openSUSE. The openSUSE project gives Linux developers and hobbyists everything they need to get started with Linux. The project was sponsored by SUSE, among others, which was acquired by the Attachmate Group in 2011 and which operates as two separate subsidiaries. The openSUSE operating system and related open source programs are used by SUSE Linux Enterprise, such as SLES and SLED. OpenSUSE is completely free for individuals, including use and online updates.
Official website: www.opensuse.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
Note that openSUSE Linux has both rolling and long term versions. It is recommended for beginners to use the long term version, also known as Leap. In addition, you should download the offline version, not the network version.
You can choose which graphical interface to use during installation, or you can choose a server solution that does not require a graphical interface. I choose the first one.
The openSUSE Linux installation process is very user friendly.
OpenSUSE Linux login interface effect, two master also feel pretty good.
There is a welcome page after your first login, which you can choose to display every time you log in.
The interface effect after login.
Although I haven’t used openSUSE Linux for a long time, it gives me a good feeling.
Fedora
Fedora Linux (version 7 formerly Fedora Core) was developed by the Fedora Project community and sponsored by Red Hat with the goal of creating a novel, versatile, and free (open source) operating system. Fedora is the upstream source for the commercial Red Hat Enterprise Linux distribution.
Fedora is a free operating system with full features and fast updates. For sponsor Red Hat, it is a test bed for many new technologies that are deemed usable and eventually made their way into Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Fedora releases new versions about every six months. As of February 2016, Fedora had approximately 1.2 million users.
Website: getFedora.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
Fedora Linux installation is simple and requires little configuration.
The Fedora Linux default graphical interface should be the same as Debian Linux. The first time you boot up, do some configuration and create a user, which looks like this.
The login page is as follows.
Red Hat
Red Hat, Inc. (NYSE: RHT) is an open source solutions provider and an S&P 500 index member. Headquartered in Raleigh, North Carolina, the company has more than 80 branches as of March 3, 2015. Red Hat provides mission-critical software and services for critical IT technologies such as operating systems, storage, middleware, virtualization and cloud computing. Red Hat’s open source model provides enterprise computing solutions across physical, virtual, and cloud environments to help companies reduce costs and improve performance, stability, and security. Red Hat also provides technical support, training and consulting services to customers worldwide and through leading partners.
On October 29, 2018, IBM announced the acquisition of Red Hat for $34 billion.
Official website: www.redhat.com/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
CentOS Linux is a free distribution based on Red Hat Linux. You can use it for free for 30 days. You need to register for an account and subscribe to the service.
A user will be created after the installation restarts.
Login effect.
Effect after login.
Red Hat Linux is commercially available, but it has a different feel.
CentOS
CentOS is a free, open source, redistributable open source Operating System. CentOS (Community Enterprise Operating System) is one of the Linux distributions.
The CentOS Linux distribution is a stable, predictable, manageable, and reproducible platform compiled from Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) source code released under open source (mostly GPL) regulations. Since March 2004, CentOS Linux has been a community-driven open source project designed to be functionally compatible with RHEL.
Official website: www.centos.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
CentOS is easy to install and is similar to other versions.
CentOS Linux does not have a graphical user interface (GUI) by default, but you can install GNOME and KDE GUI by yourself. However, you do not use the desktop for servers, because the graphical desktop occupies system resources and is cumbersome for server running.
Many enterprise servers use CentOS, which is both commercial and free, perfect.
Arch
Arch Linux (or Arch /ˈɑːrtʃ/) is a Linux distribution based on the x86-64 architecture. The system consists mainly of free and open source software and supports community participation. The system design is guided by the KISS principle (Keep it simple and Stupid), focusing on correct, elegant and minimalist code, expecting users to be willing to understand the operation of the system. The Arch Linux system installs, removes, and updates software with a package manager called Pacman.
Arch Linux uses a rolling distribution model to get system updates and the latest versions of software. The system installation image simply contains the major components of the system. Arch Linux provides documentation in the form of a community Wiki called Arch Wiki. The Wiki, which is often updated on specific topics, is widely accepted by the Linux community and has applications beyond Arch Linux.
Archlinux.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
Arch Linux does not have a foolproof installation and is not suitable for beginners. I was wrong. I will skip it and install it another day.
Manjaro
Manjaro is a user-friendly Linux distribution based on Arch Linux. In the Linux community, Arch Linux is indeed an unusually fast, powerful, lightweight distribution that offers the latest, most complete software. However, Arch Linux is aimed at power users, and it is generally believed that Arch Linux will not be accessible to those without technical expertise or patience.
Developed by enthusiasts in Austria, France and Germany, Manjaro offers all the benefits of the Arch Linux operating system with a focus on user friendliness and usability. Manjaro is available in 32-bit and 64-bit versions for beginners as well as experienced Linux users.
Website: manjaro.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
The installation screen is as follows.
The login page is as follows.
The login results are as follows.
Manjaro Linux is a true Arch Linux-based version, and it feels good.
Gentoo
Gentoo is a free Linux-based operating system that can be automatically optimized and customized for almost any application or requirement. Extreme specs, performance, and a top-notch user and developer community are all hallmarks of the Gentoo experience. Gentoo’s philosophy is freedom and choice. Thanks to a technology called Portage, Gentoo can be the ideal secure server, development workstation, professional desktop, gaming system, embedded solution or whatever you want it to be.
Official website: www.gentoo.org/
The following figure shows the installation file name.
I’m sorry, Gentoo Linux doesn’t have a foolproof installation like Arch Linux, so I’ll skip it. Obviously Gentoo Linux is for power users, not for ordinary users.
The end of the
There are many distributions of Linux that I have not introduced, because I have not heard of them, and I am not familiar with them. I will add them later. Every system I have listed is my own attempt.