import os
import shutil
#os.rename(‘ text_backup 2.txt’,’ text_rename.txt’)# rename files
#os.remove(‘ filename ‘)# Delete the file. If it does not exist, an error will be reported
#os.mkdir(‘textCJ’)# Create a folder
#os.rmdir(‘textCJ’)# Delete folder, only empty directory
#os.mkdir(‘d:/python programming ‘)# os.mkdir(‘d:/python programming ‘)# os.mkdir(‘d:/python programming ‘)# os.mkdir
# OS. Rmdir (‘ d: / python programming)
#os.makedirs(‘d:/p/d/f’)# multilevel file creation
#shutil. RmTree (‘d:p/d/f’)# Shutil
Print (‘ current path :’,os.getcwd())#
#print(os.path)
# OS. Path. Join (OS) path) join (OS) getcwd (), ‘the eleventh day)) # path joining together
# Get a list of directories in Python, older version
#print(os.listdir(‘d:/’))
print(”15)
# the new version
With oss.scandir (‘D:/test/’) as f:#scandir with with the context manager automatically frees the resource after iterator traversal is complete
for item in f:
print(item.name)
print(”15)
f=’D:/test/’
for item in os.listdir(f):
If os.path.isfile(os.path.join(f,item)):#
Print (‘ output file only :’,item)
2. Basic operational commands
Methods to explain
Os.getcwd () gets the current working directory, which is the directory path where the Python script is currently working
Os. chdir(” dirname “) changes the working directory of the current script; Equivalent to shell under CD
Os.curdir returns the current directory: (‘. ‘)
Os.pardir gets the parent directory string name of the current directory :(‘… ‘)
Os. makedirs(‘ dir1/dir2 ‘) generates a multi-level recursive directory
Os.removedirs (‘ dirname1 ‘) Deletes the directory if it is empty and recurses to the directory above it, removes it if it is also empty, and so on
Os.mkdir (‘ dirname ‘) generates a single-level directory; Equivalent to mkdir dirname in the shell
Os.rmdir (‘ dirname ‘) Deletes a single level empty directory. If the directory is not empty, it cannot be deleted
Os. listdir(‘ dirname ‘) lists all files and subdirectories in the specified directory, including hidden files, and prints them as a list
Os.remove () Deletes a file
Os. rename(” oldname “, “new”) renames the file/directory
Os.stat (‘ path/filename ‘) to get file/directory information
OS. Sep path delimiter: “\” in Win, “/” in Linux
Line terminator used on current platform, “\t\n” in Win, “\n” in Linux
Os. pathsep A string used to split the path of a file
The os.name string indicates the current platform used. Winwww pizei, com – > ‘nt; Linux – > ‘posix’
Os. system(” bash command “) runs shell commands and displays them directly
Os. environ Gets system environment variables
Os.path.abspath (PATH) returns the absolute path normalized by PATH
Os.path.split (path) returns a split path into a directory and filename tuple
Os.path.dirname (PATH) returns the directory of PATH. This is actually the first element of os.path.split(path)
Os.path.basename (path) returns the last filename of the path. If the path ends with/or \, a null value will be returned. That’s the second element of os.path.split(path)
Os.path.exists (path) returns True if path exists; Returns False if path does not exist
Os.path.isabs (path) Returns True if path is an absolute path
Os.path.isfile (path) Returns True if path is an existing file. Otherwise return False
Os.path.isdir (path) Returns True if path is an existing directory. Otherwise return False
Os.path. join(PATH1 [, PATH2 [,…]]]) returns multiple paths combined. Parameters before the first absolute path are ignored
Os.path.getatime (path) returns the last access time of the file or directory to which path points
Os.path.getmtime (path) returns the last modified time of the file or directory to which path points
2.2 Time and DateTime modules
Time module
import time
Time.sleep (6) # The program pauses for 6s
Print (time.time())#
Print (time.localtime())# print(time.localtime())#
Print (time. Strftime (” % % Y – m – H: % d % % m: % % S week w “, the time the localtime ())) # formatted output
Export: Dalian Abortion Hospital
Insert the picture description here
Time formatting symbol
%b local simplified month name
%B local full month name
%c local corresponding date representation and time representation
%j A day in a year (001-366)
%p Local equivalence of A.M. or p.m
The number of weeks in a year (00-53) Sunday is the beginning of the week
Week (0-6), with Sunday as the beginning of the week
The number of weeks in a year (00-53) Monday is the beginning of the week
%x local corresponding date representation
%X local corresponding time representation
%Z The name of the current time zone
The %% %% number itself
Datatime module
Mainly used for time calculation
Datetime. Date. Fromtimestamp (time. Time ()) # in time stamp
# Output: 2021-06-03
Addition and subtraction time calculation
import datetime
print(datetime.datetime.now())
# Current time plus 1 day, 2 hours and 30 minutes.
print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=1,hours=2,minutes=30))
Output: