Real estate registration background
The real estate certificate and the real estate certificate are a pair of easily confused concepts, which cannot be simply equated. Property ownership certificate is a kind of real estate certificate in nature, there are certain differences between the two.
First, the name is different. The full name of the real estate certificate is the real estate right certificate of the People’s Republic of China, while the full name of the real estate ownership certificate is the real estate right certificate of the People’s Republic of China.
Second, the content is different. On the basis of the real estate certificate, the laser area, the real estate unit number, the application period and so on are added.
Third, the issuing authority is different. The issuing authority of the real estate certificate is the city (county) real estate administration bureau or the city (county) people’s government, and the real estate registration agency of the real estate certificate is the professional department of the people’s government above the county level.
Fourth, there are two versions of the real estate certificate and only one version of the real estate certificate.
Fifth, the cost of surveying and mapping is different from that of production. The real estate certificate needs to be paid twice while the real estate certificate needs to be paid once.
The course of real estate registration includes four stages: initial stage, decentralized registration stage, unified registration reform stage and innovation and development stage.
In the early years of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, there was no complete registration manual, and land and property registration stagnated. It was only after the reform and opening up in 1978 that a centralized registration system began to adapt to the transformation of China’s economic market. In 2013, China launched the Interim Regulations on Real Estate Registration and constantly improved the real estate registration system. Since 2018, China has accelerated institutional innovation, explored new measures for the convenience of people and benefits of enterprises in real estate registration, and promoted the quality and efficiency of real estate registration.
The promulgation of the Rules for the Implementation of the Interim Regulations on Real Estate Registration is mainly to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the obligee and facilitate the registration of real estate by the masses. The detailed rules mainly apply to the ownership of collective land, the ownership of buildings and structures such as houses, the ownership of forests and trees, and other real estate rights that need to be registered as required by law.
Finally, the competent department of land and resources under the State Council is responsible for guiding and supervising the registration of real estate throughout the country. The local people’s governments at or above the county level shall designate a department as the realty registration organ in their respective administrative areas to be responsible for the realty registration work.
Real estate registration process and pain points
Before 2013, individual loans were required to purchase goods from developers, and each step of the processing process required registration by the corresponding departments.
If personal loans to buy second-hand housing, first of all, buyers and agents need to sign a housing sale agreement, and then the listing of the housing source for customer matching.
At the same time, relevant departments of the real estate management bureau should verify and verify the purchase qualification before signing a contract and submitting relevant materials to the real estate registration Windows of the Ministry of Public Security and the tax authorities. After all materials are complete, can be accepted review. If all conditions go well, it will take more than 40 working days.
At present, after the optimization of the process, the processing time is reduced from less than half a month or more than a month to within 5 days, except for the purchase qualification review.
At the same time we in the actual purchase process, depending on the local situation is different, the time will also be different. Including loan approval, credit inquiry, registration and transfer of relevant taxes and fees, etc., which prompted us to go to the corresponding departments to go twice more. Although some optimizations have been carried out, it is still not possible to complete the closed loop in one window run.
Generally speaking, in the gradual optimization of real estate registration, there will still be many problems.
First of all, due to the different registration basis, different places in the implementation of orders and standards, the rules and regulations followed by a large gap.
Second, there are differences in technical standards. In the process of implementing informatization, there may be differences in the data interface, standard requirements, data encryption and so on of each department or organization.
Finally, the whole system needs to be standardized and perfected. Although there is a property certificate center in China, there is still a lot of room for optimization in the timeliness and matching of data update and data docking between banks, tax authorities and local governments.
Blockchain solutions
Currently, some practitioners are trying to improve the whole process with blockchain technology. Blockchain is like a car. It can be a complete car or a self-assembled car, but the practicality of the assembled car can be a lot of problems.
Therefore, we propose to combine ideas and technology into a system that is compatible with the required services to be transmitted downward.
Based on the block chain technology has the following advantages, so the use of block chain technology to achieve real estate registration.
First of all, blockchain technology can break through the limitations of time and region, realize the real-time sharing of ledgers of various departments, reach data consensus through dialogue between institutions, and improve the efficiency of certificate processing.
Secondly, the query of real estate data is further optimized. For example, if someone works in Shenzhen and his hometown is in Hefei, Anhui, can the query be conducted across regions? Can the Civil Affairs Bureau inquire about the user’s ownership of property rights? These problems can be solved by blockchain technology.
Thirdly, how can we supervise government departments to achieve multi-dimensional evaluation? Can the nodes of event processing be monitored in real time? Through the rational use of blockchain technology, the registration process can be improved.
Finally, the application of blockchain technology is conducive to improving the business environment and realizing the benefits of commercial operation through efficiency improvement or system application and service improvement.
Our country real estate registration ordinance since its launch, after continuous exploration and practice, found in the current environment, still cannot satisfy the requirement of our information level, thus put forward the ultimate goal, “one window acceptance, one station completed”, “into the door, hand in a set of data, a one-time payment, one license”, from acceptance to register the “most” at a time.
In this regard, we put forward the targeted solution design.
The technical framework of the alliance chain mainly consists of a master node, 31 provincial nodes and N department nodes under the national real estate registration information platform. Log in to the verification system of the real estate information registration platform through the Internet and personal mobile terminal or PC terminal to check the status of the verified mortgage grade and other information of the certificate.
In this process, all the information that needs to be checked can be queried in place in one step. Then docking with the government affairs system, fine-tuning part of the government affairs system, may be to provide some data interfaces, deploy the blockchain node to its government affairs platform, so as to form a child node. Finally, after the data docking of the government system, the national unified sharing system of real estate registration information can be formed.
When the user is buying a new house, the system will need data to the bank, mortgage loan is done after mortgage registration, and issue a guarantee letter. However, after the nationwide implementation of blockchain, there will be no need to issue a letter. As long as the property right under the name has been registered, the corresponding funds can be directly reached the developer, greatly reducing the intermediate risk.
Blockchain + real estate application practice
At present, the application of “block chain + real estate registration” has gradually taken shape in many provinces.
In December last year, Guangdong launched a “blockchain + real estate registration”, requiring all municipalities to apply the system or build their own systems and link them with the provincial blockchain. Guangdong Provincial Government adheres to the pilot program and strives to basically build a “block chain + real estate registration” platform, basically realizing four types of data linking of real estate transaction, registration, tax payment and finance.
At present, some cities in Guangdong have completed the integration of the whole government system and real estate information. Although provincial blockchain has not yet achieved full coverage of all prefecture-level cities, it can be expected that part of it has been collected and applied to the trusted database of the whole province, and the data is authentic and reliable. Based on data link and data layer, we support the whole process of business management, business collaboration and data sharing.
Hanlan Blockchain Real Estate, together with Peking University, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, National University of Singapore and University of Houston, established the Blockchain Real Estate Research Center, carried out related research around the blockchain real estate field, promoted the continuous iteration of industry technology, and helped the industry complete transformation and upgrading.
At present, Hanlan has launched a digital real estate development service platform based on FISCO BCOS — Lanfang Chain, which provides efficient, reliable and high-quality online operation and management services for the whole real estate development industry. The platform focuses on creating a closed loop of digital real estate value, and is committed to establishing a credit and value system in the real estate development industry.
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