Installation and use of HomeBrew and HomeBrew Cask
# 1. HomeBrew
While the command line interface on macOS has many of the features found on Linux and other Unix systems, it doesn’t come with a good package manager. Package manager is a set of software tools that can be used to automate software installation, configuration, and upgrades. They keep installed software in a central location and can maintain all packages on the system in a common format. Homebrew is a free open source package management system that simplifies software installation on macOS
1. Install HomeBrew
1.1 Requirements before Installation
- The operating system is Mac OS X 10.5 Leopard or later
- Git (Mac OS X 10.7 Lion)
- The Xcode development tool has been installed
- Java Developer Update has been installed
1.2 Installation using a Terminal
Open a terminal and type the following statement to automatically install HomeBrew
/usr/bin/ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/master/install)"
Copy the code1.3 Verifying whether HomeBrew is complete
Type brew in the terminal
TorMoordeMacBook-Pro:~ zfc$ brew
-bash: brew: command not found
// Note that there is no response to brew because we did not add it to the system path
// Enter the full path, as shown belowTorMoordeMacBook-Pro:~ zfc$ /usr/local/bin/brew Example usage: brew search [TEXT|/REGEX/] brew info [FORMULA...] brew install FORMULA... brew update brew upgrade [FORMULA...] brew uninstall FORMULA... brewlist[FORMULA...] Troubleshooting: brew config brew doctor brew install --verbose --debug FORMULA Contributing: brew create [URL [--no-fetch]] brew edit [FORMULA...] Further help: brew commands brew help [COMMAND] man brew https://docs.brew.sh
TorMoordeMacBook-Pro:~ zfc$
Copy the code1.4 Brew does not respond to input
1.4.1 Using the Full Path
Brew = /usr/local/bin/brew = /usr/local/bin/brew = /usr/local/bin/brew
1.4.2 Adding Environment Variables
Although typing the full path would have been enough to use BREW, it was too tedious for us, so we added it to the environment variable so we could use BREW directly
- To open access, press Shift + Commend + G and type ~/.bash_profile
- Open the following
- The input
PATH=/usr/local/bin:$PATH
Copy the code- After the installation is complete, Homwbrew initializes /usr/local as git’s working tree and changes the directory owner to the current user. Brew operations do not require sudo in the future.
1.4.3 Reference Documents
Blog.csdn.net/weichuang_1…
2. Homebrew statements
With HomeBrew installed, we are ready to use HomeBrew but before we start, it is important to understand the common brew statements
Brew search Lists brew supported software Brew search <package_name> Search brew install <package_name> install brew Brew Update uninstall <package_name> Brew Update is pulled from the server. Brew upgrade <package_name> update brew outdated check which new versions of your software are available and cleanup old versions. Using the '-n' argument does not actually execute, but simply prints out what will actually be done at run time. brewlistView the list of packages you have installed brewlistBrew unlink <package_name> to '/usr/local' directory brew unlink <package_name> Delete the software soft link in the '/usr/local' directory brew info displays software information BREW deps displays package dependenciesCopy the code3.HomeBrew download directory
Although it is convenient to use HomeBrew to install software, sometimes we want to use packages directly from the computer, so it is necessary to know where to find the package
3.1 the installation package
Homebrew downloaded packages are stored in /Library/Caches/Homebrew, which can be quite heavy over time, so we should clean them regularly
3.2 Installation Directory
HomeBrew is downloaded from the installation directory
/usr/local/Cellar/<package_name>/<version>/
Copy the codeCommon software may contain executable files, headers for other libraries, runtime libraries, documentation, and other files or directories. Brew soft-links these files or directories to facilitate upgrade management
/usr/local/bin/ usr/local/include/ usr/local/lib/ usr/local/share/Copy the codeThe 3.3 update
The updated version of HomeBrew will not be deleted automatically, i.e. there will be multiple versions of the updated software, so we can use brew swith <package_name> to select the version of the software
Also, cleanup unwanted versions with brew cleanup
3.3.1 Reference Documents
phenmod.com/
2. Homebrew Cask
HomeBrew is used to install software from source code, but sometimes we install software with GUI application treasure (.dmg/.pkg) and then we cannot use HomeBrew
So HomeBrew Cask came along
Brew Cask is an enhanced brew based tool for installing Mac Gui application packages (.dmg/.pkg) such as QQ, Chrome, etc. It first downloads and decompresses to a unified directory (/opt/homebrew-cask/Caskroom), eliminating the need to download, decompress, drag and drop (install), etc. Again, uninstalling is fairly easy and clean. Then soft link to the ~/Applications/ directory, very convenient, and also contains a lot of common Applications that are not in the AppStore.
Brew Cask’s official website is: Caskroom. IO
The github address is github.com/caskroom/ho…
1. Install HomeBrew Cask
Since we have HomeBrew installed at this point, we use HomeBrew directly to install, open the terminal, and type the following statement
brew install caskroom/cask/brew-cask
Copy the codeIf the installation fails, Error: Cask ‘brew-cask’ is unavailable: ‘/ usr/local/Homebrew/Library/Taps/caskroom/Homebrew – cask/Casks/brew – cask. Rb’ does not exist. And try to enter
brew install brew-cask-completion
Copy the code2. Verify that the installation is complete
Input at terminal
brew cask
Copy the codeDisplays the following text successfully,
TorMoordeMacBook-Pro:~ zfc$ brew cask
Homebrew Cask provides a friendly CLI workflow for the administration
of macOS applications distributed as binaries.
Commands:
audit verifies installability of Casks
cat dump raw source of the given Cask to the standard output
create creates the given Cask and opens it in an editor
doctor checks for configuration issues
edit edits the given Cask
fetch downloads remote application files to local cache
home opens the homepage of the given Cask
info displays information about the given Cask
install installs the given Cask
list with no args, lists installed Casks; given installed Casks, lists staged files
outdated list the outdated installed Casks
reinstall reinstalls the given Cask
style checks Cask style using RuboCop
uninstall uninstalls the given Cask
upgrade upgrades all outdated casks
zap zaps all files associated with the given Cask
See also "man brew-cask"
Copy the codeIf brew Cask does not respond
Enter the full path because we didn’t add the path to the system path
3. Common HomeBrew Cask commands
HomeBrew cask common commands are not very different from HomeBrew, just refer to HomeBrew
3.1 note:
HomeBrew Cask does not provide a command to update the software, so we must first uninstall the software and then install the following command: ' 'brew cask uninstall APP && brew cask install APP' 'Copy the codeIii. Reference Documents:
Homebrew cask is one of the most popular Mac command line apps in the world. It is one of the most popular Mac command line apps in the world