At work, there are often colleagues who have worked for about two years, scratching their heads and asking me: “How can I learn a new language quickly?”

The world of programming is changing so fast, with new frameworks, new languages, and new vocabularies, how do aspiring technologists keep up and stay competitive?

A difficult second language

“The hardest programming language to learn is the second language,” said a schoolteacher sharing lessons with new developers.

That’s because you already have some preconceived ideas about programming when you first learn it. You make a lot of associations and assumptions about grammar. Therefore, when learning a second language, you must first forget these assumptions. Keep this in mind as you learn your second or even third language. This is similar to the interesting “second system” we mentioned earlier.

The purpose of language design

Every aspect of every language boils down to truth and falsehood. Why is that? That’s how electricity works: you either have it or you don’t. Memory stores values in zeros and ones, the most basic units called bits, which are either true or false.

Eight bits is equal to one byte, enough to represent any character in an ASCII table. These bits are flipped in a specific order to provide a decimal representation of the characters. The computer knows how to convert this representation into letters.

The basic binary representation of the word “Hello”.

Once you understand this concept, the rest is easy to understand.

New language learning strategies

These tools are the same in all languages, and you can learn in any order, but I usually use the following order:

variable

This seems simple enough, but then again, how do you create variables?

The operator

What are operators and how are they used? You understand basic mathematical operators, but do you understand logical operators? Is the “AND” operator correctly spelled “AND” or “AND”, or does it use symbols such as “&&”?

Conditional statements

Surprisingly, my most popular Swift and Python articles are all about decision making. Next, you need to know how to make decisions in the program. Did the language you learned use the traditional “if/else if/else” or “if/elif/else” as Python does? Does your language have “switch” or “guard” statements?

Looping statements

How do I iterate over repetitive tasks? Did the programming language you learned include for loops, while loops, do-while loops, or for-each statements?

function

Can I create functions? If so, how? How do YOU include arguments in these functions? Do you know how to use functions correctly to save time and lighten your workload?

The structure and class

Does the language have a concept of classes or structures? This may sound like a silly question, but some languages have either no or only one language. If so, should the class or structure be created? Does the class need a constructor or initialization method?

Error handling

Mistakes are inevitable. Does the language have a powerful error-handling solution when errors occur, and how do you use it? Should I use “try/catch”, “try/except”, or some other statement? Are there any other clauses, such as “else” or “finally” that can do something else?

test

How do I test the code? Is there a built-in library for testing, or do you have to download a separate tool?

Most modern programming languages include these tools. Even older languages, such as COBOL, have most of the tools, but they go by different names, such as Pharagraph or copybook.

Coding of actual combat

Once you know the tools, the next thing you need to do is use the language and write applications. You can learn a language by reading documents, but you can’t really master it until you write some applications.

In fact, you can write almost anything with the tools described above; the other features included in the standard library just ease the programming burden. Most standard libraries contain the same functionality and therefore have similar names across languages.

As you use the language more often, you can find more information from the standard library, but be sure to learn these tools first.

When using a language, you need to understand the advantages and disadvantages of the language itself. This can help you decide which language to use for a particular problem.

If you need to do some quick data science, there are several packages available for Python or R. If you need to write a service quickly, consider PHP or Go. If you need a Web server, consider Java or Python.

It’s not enough to learn a programming language by reading a book or reading an article. You need real practice.

Write in the last

Learning a new language is a challenge, and more importantly, persistence. Good luck!

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