- Replace successive zeros or ones with a single code.
For example, say that a data stream consists of 100 ones followed by 100 zeros. Saves space than listing 200 bits directly.
- Use short strings of 0 and 1 to indicate characters that are used more frequently.
For example, e and t are used more often in English than z and q. Use shorter strings to represent e and t.
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When the data stream consists of cells and the differences between adjacent cells are very small, only the differences between contiguous cells can be recorded.
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Build compressed data from already encapsulated blocks. This is, of course, an approximation of the original data.
Content reference: Introduction to Computer Science (12th edition) p45-P46