First acquaintance with industrial Internet

preface

In recent years, the concept of industrial Internet is very hot, bloggers as industrial Internet line practitioners, to bring you a preliminary understanding of what is the industrial Internet.

Traditional industries

Before talking about industrial Internet, first give you popular science under what is industry. Industry is the production of modern means of labor department, it determines the speed of national economy modernization, scale and level, in the contemporary world national economy plays a leading role.

The origin of industry

In the 18th century, the Industrial revolution appeared in Britain, which gradually transformed the original workshop handicraft industry based on manual technology into machine industry. Only then did industry finally separate from agriculture and become an independent material production sector.

China’s industrial output

There are three main industries in our country: agriculture, industry and service.

• Primary industry: agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery (excluding professional and auxiliary activities of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery).
• Secondary industries: mining (excluding mining professional and auxiliary activities), manufacturing (excluding metal products, machinery and equipment repair), electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply, construction. (The secondary industry, except the construction industry, belongs to the industrial category)
• The tertiary industry, namely the service industry, refers to other industries except the primary and secondary industries.

The relationship between the three industries — mutual dependence and restriction:

• The primary industry lays the foundation for the secondary and tertiary industries.
• The secondary industry is the core of the three major industries and has a driving effect on the primary industry.
• The primary and secondary industries create conditions for the tertiary industry, and the development of the tertiary industry promotes the progress of the primary and secondary industries.

Three Major Industries and Industries GDP (Unit: 100 million yuan)

Industrial classification of China

The current Industrial Classification of The National Economy in China is revised according to the fourth edition of ISIC and implemented in 2012. The industrial sector is divided into mining, manufacturing, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply, 41 major industries, 201 medium industries and 581 small industries.

In addition to the specific industry classification of the National Bureau of Statistics, industry can also be divided into three different types according to the mode of production: process manufacturing, discrete manufacturing and hybrid manufacturing.

• Process manufacturing: refers to the generation process of value-added production through separation, mixing, molding or chemical reaction. The production process is generally continuous or batch, requiring strict process control and safety performance measures. Typical process manufacturing industries: cement, electric power, petrochemical, metallurgy, food, medicine, etc.
• Discrete manufacturing: under the guidance of the production process plan, multiple parts are processed and assembled into the final product through a series of discontinuous processes. Typical discrete manufacturing industries: rockets, aircraft, automobiles, ships, electronic equipment, machinery, clothing, etc.
• Hybrid manufacturing: refers to the complex production mode with both continuous production process and discrete generation process. It is a kind of production mode with universal significance in modern production.

In general industrial enterprises, both process production and discrete production process (i.e., hybrid manufacturing) exist at the same time, but the corresponding production process will have a bias in the total production scale of the enterprise, and the industry of the enterprise can be divided according to the bias.

Traditional industrial systems are layered

The traditional industrial enterprise system is generally divided into 5 layers, from bottom to top:Site equipment layer, site control layer, process monitoring layer, production management layer, enterprise resource layer.

• Field equipment layer: provides machines manufactured in the factory site, including sensors, actuators, protective devices, etc.
• Field control layer: control the production process through PLC, DCS control unit and RTU.
• Process monitoring layer: process parameters are collected and monitored by distributed SCADA system, and human-computer interaction is realized by HMI system.
• Production management (MES) : to provide enterprises with manufacturing data management, scheduling management, production scheduling management and other management modules.
• Enterprise resource layer (ERP) : provides decision-making means for enterprise decision makers and employees. Including enterprise resources related financial, assets, human resources and other management systems.

Industrial Internet

Industrial Internet background

At present, global economic and social development is facing new challenges and opportunities. On the one hand, due to the bottlenecks in traditional economic development, economic growth lacks internal impetus. On the other hand, information technologies such as the Internet, big data and artificial intelligence can help enterprises adapt to the rapid changes in the competitive environment by combining them with traditional industries to improve production efficiency and reduce overall costs.

Industrial Internet concept

Industrial Internet is a new type of infrastructure, application mode and Industrial ecology that integrates the new generation of information and communication technology with the Industrial economy. Through the comprehensive connection of people, machines, things and systems, a new manufacturing and service system covering the whole Industrial chain and value chain is established. As an important cornerstone of the fourth industrial Revolution, it provides a way to realize the digitalization, networking and intelligent development of industry.

Architecture of the Industrial Internet

Industrial Internet technology systems beyond the scope of a single discipline and engineering needManufacturing technology, information technologySynergy and integration, and combined with specific business scenarios to play a value.

Breakthroughs in manufacturing technology and information technology are the basis for the development of industrial Internet. Among them

• Manufacturing technology: The physical systems that underpin the construction of the industrial Internet
• Information technology: Outlines the digital space of the industrial Internet
• Convergence technology: drives the comprehensive interconnection and deep collaboration between the physical system of industrial Internet and the digital space

Application scenarios of industrial Internet

• Multi-source heterogeneous devices through industrial gateway, PLC (programmable logic controller) and other access to industrial Internet edge computing layer.
• Using sensors, images and other multi-sensor methods for intelligent sensing and acquisition of data.
• Data is transmitted to edge layer database through industrial network card and data bus.
• The established rules are used to parse and convert device data of different protocols to maintain data consistency.
• Machine learning and other algorithms are used to preprocess, cluster and analyze multi-source data, eliminate redundant data, and complete data regulation and classification.
• 5G network is used to transfer data from the edge layer to the cloud platform database of the industrial Internet.
• Through big data modeling and analysis technology, the cloud big data system establishes mapping models among entities, data and processes based on various basic scenes, general scenes and special scenes, constructs visual knowledge maps, forms knowledge bases and conducts knowledge reasoning.
• Based on the common platform deployment and management module of PaaS layer, a set of software development and deployment, microservice component library and model library are established under the support of industrial big data model, which provides the foundation for product deployment and service innovation of SaaS layer.
• Develop MES, ERP, SCADA, SCM and other integrated decision applications, and deploy them to the SaaS layer of industrial Internet platform.
• Through the installation of application software in the terminal equipment, the production process optimization, production scheduling, intelligent control and fault diagnosis of the product life cycle can be realized.

Policy support for the 14th Five-year Plan

The national “14th Five-Year Plan” and the Outline of 2035 Vision goals, a total of 19 65 chapters, is a programmatic document to guide China’s national economic and social development in the next five and 15 years, including three mentions of “industrial Internet”.

• It first appeared in chapter iii, Chapter 11, section 1. We will actively yet prudently develop the Industrial Internet and the Internet of vehicles.
• The second one appears in section 3 of Chapter 15 of Chapter 5, which calls for the construction of several international standard industrial Internet platforms and digital transformation promotion centers in key industries and regions.
• Key industries of digital economy, it is necessary to cultivate and form an industrial Internet platform with international influence, and promote the industrial ecology of “industrial Internet + intelligent manufacturing”.

Compared with 10 proposals issued in the past 20 years, the outline of the plan further strengthens the expression of digital development, industrial Internet and digital transformation, and the content of the plan is more clear and focused.

How to join the Industrial Internet

In recent years, industrial Internet related jobs have begun to emerge. Among 29 new jobs released by the state in 2019 and 2020, 13 are related to the industrial Internet, such as big data engineering and technical personnel and cloud computing engineering and technical personnel, accounting for 44.8 percent of the new jobs. The development of industrial Internet needs compound, multi-dimensional and multi-level talents. Industrial Internet is the product of the integration of the new generation of information technology and manufacturing industry, which not only needs OT and IT compound talents, but also needs enterprise management talents, industry leaders, professional and technical talents, industrial workers and other multidimensional and multi-level talents. The inventory of specific talent skills is as follows:

• Hardware developers, embedded development needs;
• Python development will become more and more important;
• Hardware product managers, Internet product managers will be in greater demand;
• Big data, artificial intelligence and data analysis experts will be in short supply;
• Demand for server operations and operations jobs will increase;
• Data security will explode;

For more details, please refer to: White Paper on Industrial Internet Talents (2020)

Ref. 1: Industrial terminology

• ICS :(Industrial Control System) an automatic Control System consisting of a computer and Industrial Control process components. It consists of a controller, a sensor, a transmitter, an actuator, and an input/output interface. These components, through industrial communication lines, industrial control communication protocol, are connected to form a production and processing system with automatic control ability.
• PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) stores instructions for performing logical operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations and controls various types of mechanical equipment or production processes.
• RTU (Remote Terminal Unit) is a special computer measurement and control Unit with modular structure designed for long communication distance and harsh industrial environment.
• DCS (Distributed Control System) is a multistage computer System composed of process Control level and process monitoring level with communication network as the link.
• Human Machine Interface (HMI), also known as user Interface or user Interface, is a medium for system and user interaction and information exchange.
• SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) is applicable to Data Acquisition, Supervisory Control And process Control in electric power, chemical industry, metallurgy, gas, oil, railway And many other fields.
• MES: Manufacturing information management System for the workshop Execution layer of Manufacturing enterprises, MES can provide enterprises with Manufacturing data management, planning and scheduling management, production scheduling management, inventory management, quality management and other management modules. For enterprises to create a solid, reliable, comprehensive manufacturing collaborative management platform.
• ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) is a management information system that integrates all the resources of an Enterprise. Simply speaking, it is a management information system that comprehensively integrates the three streams of an Enterprise: logistics, capital flow and information flow.

Ref. 2: Literature citation

• The 14th Five-year Plan: www.gov.cn/xinwen/2021…
• Industrial Internet Standard System (version 3.0) : www.aii-alliance.org/index/c145/…
• China statistical yearbook (2021) : www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/ndsj/2…
• Of the three divisions of industry (2012) : www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/tjbz/g…
• In 2017 the national economy industry classification: www.stats.gov.cn/xxgk/tjbz/g…
• Statistical classification why no longer points heavy industries: www.stats.gov.cn/tjgz/tjdt/2…
• Baidu – Industry: baike.baidu.com/item/%E5%B7…
• Process manufacturing and discrete Manufacturing: baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=172118…
• Process-based intelligent Manufacturing White paper: www.cesi.cn/images/edit…
• Factory-to-enterprise integration: ISA95 is a good place to start: blog.csdn.net/sideways_yu…
• Industrial Internet Talent White Paper (2020) : www.100ec.cn/detail–656…
• The article take you read industrial Internet: zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/147688499

PS: Pay attention to public number 【 jie Ge she 】, learn and grow together