First acquaintance with C++ (1)

This is the seventh day of my participation in the More text Challenge. For details, see more text Challenge

The first C++ program

#include <iostream>
int main(a)
{
    std::cout << "First day of learning C++ in Hello system! \n";
}
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annotation

A single

// Note the content
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Multiple lines

/* Comments */
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Variables and Constants

#include <iostream>
/ / macro constants
#define MAX 0x3f3f3f3f3f
// Const modifier
const long long MAXX = 0x3f3f3f3f3f;
int main(a)
{
    /// Variable definition
    int a = 5;
    std::cout << MAX<<""<<MAXX<<""<<a<<endl;
}
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Name of identifier

1.The identifier cannot be a keyword2.Contains only letters, numbers, and understrokes3.The first character can only be a letter or an underscore4.Letters are case sensitive5.Be recognizable and readable* / / * proposal
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The data type

Introduction to the

When programming in a programming language, a variety of variables are used to store information. A variable retains the memory location of the value it stores. This means that when you create a variable, some space is left in memory. You may need to store information of various data types (such as character, wide character, integer, floating point, double floating point, Boolean, etc.), and the operating system allocates memory and decides what to store in reserved memory based on the data types of variables.Copy the code

Actually,wchar_tHere's how it came to be:typedef short int wchar_t; sowchar_tThe actual space is the sumshort intThe same. Some basic types can be modified with one or more type modifiers:signed
unsigned
short
longThe following table shows how much memory each variable type requires to store a value in memory, and the maximum and minimum values that a variable of that type can store. Note: this may vary by system, but one byte is8position Note:long int 与 intAre all4Bytes, because early C compilers definedlong intTake up4Bytes,intTake up2The new version of the C/C++ standard is compatible with the earlier setting.Copy the code

The integer

Short integer

short num1 = 22; The number of bytes:2Scope:- 32768.~32767  2 -^15~2^15
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The integer

int	num1 = 44444The number of bytes:4Scope:- 2147483648. ~ 2147483647  2 -^31~2^31
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Long integer

long num = 444The number of bytes:4Scope:- 2147483648. ~ 2147483647  2 -^31~2^31
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Long integer

long long num = 4444The number of bytes:8Scope:- 9223372036854775808. 到 9223372036854775807   2 -^63~2^63
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Unsigned integer

unsigned int = 123; Number of bytes: 4 Range: 0 to 4294967295 0 to 2^32 Other type type, the negative range is added to the positive range.Copy the code

Keywords – sizeof

#include<iostream>  
#include <limits>
 
using namespace std;  
  
int main(a)  
{  
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    cout << "bool: \t\t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(bool);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<bool>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "char: \t\t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(char);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "signed char: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(signed char);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<signed char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned char: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(unsigned char);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned char>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "wchar_t: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(wchar_t);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<wchar_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "short: \t\t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(short);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<short>::max)();  
    cout << "\t\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<short>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "int: \t\t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(int);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<int>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<int>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(unsigned);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long: \t\t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(long);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "unsigned long: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(unsigned long);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<unsigned long>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "double: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(double);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "long double: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(long double);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<long double>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "float: \t\t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(float);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<float>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<float>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "size_t: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(size_t);  
    cout << "\t Max:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::max)();  
    cout << "\t minimum:" << (numeric_limits<size_t>::min)() << endl;  
    cout << "string: \t" << Number of bytes: << sizeof(string) << endl;  
    / / < < "\ t Max:" < < (numeric_limits < string > : : Max) is () < < "\ t the minimum:" < < (numeric_limits < string > : : min) () < < endl;
    cout << "type: \t\t" << "************size**************"<< endl;  
    return 0;  
}
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