Guide language | tencent iot terminal operating system (TencentOS tiny) is tencent iot independent research and development in the field of embedded real-time operating system, can help the Internet of things terminal equipment and business fast access tencent iot cloud platform. This article is a collation of Tencent senior engineers Wang Lichao and Zhao Jian shared in cloud + community online, and introduces the exploration, evolution and practice of technical architecture in the open source process of TencentOS Tiny operating system.

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First, the wave of Internet of Things operating system

1. The wave of the Iot industry

In 2009, Premier Wen Jiabao put forward the strategy of Perception China in Wuxi, and Wuxi took the lead in establishing the Perception China Research Center. A number of universities established the Internet of Things Research Institute in Wuxi, and the Internet of Things was officially included in the government work report of the Third Session of the 11th National People’s Congress. After that, the Internet of Things has attracted great attention.

Since 2016, with the introduction of the low-power wide-area Internet of Things technology, the Internet of Things has begun to show a blowout development, which has really spread out and realized the wide-area and large-scale connection. According to authoritative statistics, the market share of the Internet of Things in China reached 1.3 trillion yuan in 2018, and the figure rose to 1.8 trillion yuan in 2020.

Iot has been widely applied in many vertical industries such as smart home, life IOT, public utilities and intelligent energy. Compared with the Internet era, iot communication protocols are more diversified and the fragmentation of things is more serious, thus highlighting the importance of unified connection and access standards.

How do you integrate information from different objects and transfer it to the next level? When thinking about this, there are many problems, such as power consumption and resource control, network communication and so on.

In this demand, devices and applications facing the Internet of Things need an integrated system, through which to complete the collection of underlying data, and the market demand for the whole Internet of Things operating system began to explode.

At present, it is difficult for a single software structure to solve these problems. Data collection of mature Internet of Things devices, including cloud interconnection, requires the support of operating systems, and different businesses and applications have different requirements. Faced with practical application scenarios, we need to customize software solutions for different industries, so IoT needs a customized system to solve such problems.

It is with such a huge market demand for the Internet of Things, major Internet companies started their own ecological layout of the Internet of Things, set off the wave of open source operating system of the Internet of Things.

According to the current data, Huawei laid out the “1+2+1” iot strategy in the early days, and also built the iot operating system based on their own chips and business. In 2015, they announced LiteOS open source. Alibaba also builds its iot operating system based on the company’s full-stack ecological chain, and opened its IOT operating system alios-Things in 2017. Riside Technology also led the development of a well-known Domestic real-time Internet of Things operating system, RT-Thread, which came out for ten years and has a large number of installations. Meanwhile, In 2020, China Mobile also released OneOS Internet of Things operating system and opened source to help devices access mobile cloud services.

Looking abroad, the Internet of Things operating system has also attracted much attention. For example, In December 2017, Amazon acquired FreeRTOS, and based on the FreeRTOS kernel, added important AWS support and IoT use case support, comprehensively entering the Internet of Things ecosystem. On April 18, 2019, Microsoft announced the acquisition of Express Logic with the goal of making ThreadX real-time iot operating system an option on Azure Cloud, hoping to increase the number of devices seamlessly connected to Azure cloud services. At the same time, VxWorks of Wind River, UCOS of Silicon, mbedOS of ARM and other old RTOS also occupy a certain market and play an important role.

Internet of things operating system wave blowing, many people also began to discuss: operating system in the end which strong? In fact, from my point of view, there is no need to compare which operating system is stronger, it is the most appropriate to meet the business needs.

2. How to explore domestic IoTOS at the top of the wave?

An excellent Internet of Things operating system should not only have technical advantages, but also meet the needs of users and achieve ecological cooperation with developers. The importance of ecosystem integration is not to be overemphasized. You can look back a few decades and see how desktop and mobile operating systems have evolved from a hundred flowers to a few users. So the success of the ecosystem is the key to the development of the operating system.

A good operating system is used by developers and users. To form a good ecosystem of Internet of Things operating system, first of all, it should have advantages in technology, such as making the Internet of Things code simpler and lower power consumption, avoiding functions that users do not need.

In addition, specific development should be carried out based on users’ demands for different IOT products, so as to make the technology conform to ecology and users’ needs as far as possible, and continue to make commercial value.

Whether from the perspective of ecological construction or technology, it needs to be implemented in real life to effectively solve practical problems. These are the core competitiveness of the Operating system of the Internet of Things. Through the gradual iteration of developer needs and ecosystem, the business value is gradually realized. Such a route is the layout of a good OPERATING system to serve the IoT industry at the top of the tide.

3. Embracing Wave, Tencent’s product layout of Internet of Things operating system

Tide for the development of the industry, tencent in the field of Internet of things has complete iot layout, covers multiple dimensions, and products are able to support consumer group, wisdom city, education, medical, industrial, payment, government affairs, and so on more than vertical industry also launched tencent Internet communication platform and development platform, and tencent repeatedly and a series of cloud services, It aims to provide a secure and stable connection platform to help developers quickly realize the interconnection between devices at a low cost.

At the same time, the iot platform also supports mainstream IOT protocol access. Among them, the TencentOS Tiny serves low resources, low power consumption of the Internet of things terminal nodes, the underlying important ecology is the Internet of things, we hope that through open source and ecological techniques, do a good job in filling the bottom ring, so as to improve the IoT end-to-end solutions, achieve inter-operability of terminal equipment, data platform for cloud Shanghai drainage, To serve the diverse needs of customers in the IoT ecological chain and promote the development of the whole IoT industry.

TencentOS Tiny product architecture and core technology

1. Product architecture

The product architecture of TencentOS Tiny is shown in the figure above. At the bottom are currently supported MCU chips and modules, including STM32 and mainstream cellular communication modules, providing driver framework and peripheral framework, compatible with different hardware and easy to adapt to different hardware platforms.

On top of TencentOS Tiny’s core is the basic kernel. On top of TencentOS Tiny’s core are the networking components required for the Internet of Things (detailed below). It provides common IoT functional components such as file system, KV storage and high-level language engine framework. Common cases are also provided at the business level for customers and developers to refer to.

In addition, the architecture has a built-in security framework, which ensures the unique device identification of terminal devices, encryption of communication links, and secure storage of keys to prevent iot devices from being attacked.

To sum up, the entire TencentOS Tiny iot operating system has three characteristics:

First, a minimal kernel. The total amount of kernel code is not more than 10,000 lines, which can achieve ultra-low resource occupation. Under IDLE tasks, the minimum resource occupation is only 0.6KBRAM and 1.8KB ROM

Second, low power consumption, the minimum sleep power consumption can reach uA level.

Third, the software architecture is very simple, convenient for embedded developers to get started with super fast speed, just need to quickly port the operating system, the above IoT components can be directly used, very convenient, do not need to spend too much time and cost learning.

2. Open source core technology -RTOS kernel

TencentOS Tiny kernel provides multi-task real-time scheduling, time management, exception management and other basic capabilities. Our biggest advantage over the industry is that the kernel code is very lean. Compared with overseas FreeRTOS, we only have several thousand lines of the same file source code, while foreign competitors have more than ten thousand lines.

It’s not that our code is less than the function is missing, although our overall code is streamlined, but all the functions should be there. On the whole code, we achieve the most efficient functional processing with minimal code, which is our competitiveness.

Kernel-based provides universal kernel adaptation layer interfaces compatible with CMSIS RTOS and Posix interfaces. The entire kernel can be tailored and configured, for example, business only uses task modules, and other corresponding IPC functions such as semaphore can be turned off, which is very effective in some resource-constrained scenarios.

Kernel abstraction of hardware is mainly implemented in HAL layer, our HAL layer is very thin, based on what considerations? HAL do very heavy, developers need to cost a lot of learning, the industry also has a perfect driver on the operating system kernel do framework, this seems to be very full and neat, but adapted to a new platform to sync adapter driver framework, transplant adapter developers will understand, so workload is very large.

We made a thin HAL layer to shield different hardware differences. In order to meet the needs of different developers, we provide two ways for driver adaptation, developers can be based on the thin HAL layer to do adaptation, or can use the original BSP driver, through the kernel directly call, so that more compatible hardware, better portability.

At present, we have supported the mainstream MCU, IP and architecture, including ARM Cortex M, A core, RISC-V, MSP, AVR, ARC, STM8 and other architectures, among which STM8 is an 8-bit MCU. I estimate that there are only A few companies in the industry that can support 8-bit MCU, such as us and UCOS. It is also the reason that our kernel is very simplified, so that it can run on the 8-bit single chip microcomputer with very limited resources.

3. Open source core technology – communication module framework and Internet

The wireless communication module is very important in the field of the Internet of Things. The support of the wireless communication module basically determines whether the entire operating system is good or not. Now, except for DTU devices, no one will take a network cable as the Internet of Things terminal, and we basically complete the Internet of Things connection through wireless methods like NB-iot, WiFi, 2G, 4G, 5G.

The communication between the communication module and the whole MCU is completed by AT command. The main logic of the communication between THE AT command and MCU is similar. Therefore, we hope to make an AT framework to deal with the data interaction logic between the module and MCU. This simplifies the whole communication.

There are also a lot of solutions in the industry, but there is no good architecture layer for communication, and the architecture is not clear enough. When we built the architecture, we kept the entire AT core component completely separate from the actual module driver. That is to say, now the wifi changed to the upper API is not changed, and the following driver can be directly replaced, the application of the upper layer of the underlying driver replacement without perception, greatly improving the portability of the scheme, convenient rapid deployment.

TencentOS Tiny supports standard TCP stack modules such as wifi and cellular, as well as other iot modules such as LoRa, which supports LoRaWAN API to connect directly to Tencent Cloud.

In addition, TencentOS Tiny also supports Tencent Cloud IoT customization module. The customization module has Tencent IoT service built-in, which can be directly accessed to the cloud through Tencent customization module API provided by us, without running these SDKS. In this way, the whole software stack is smaller, requiring less MCU resources and lower cost.

Our vision is to build a communication module ecosystem under the framework of IoT. We hope to make mainstream communication modules in the market fully compatible with this framework, so that the driving ecosystem will basically cover the mainstream business needs. If the debugging is stable, the next manufacturer will switch to do not need to do more tests.

As the ecosystem of open source collaboration grows larger, it will certainly benefit developers and terminal manufacturers. We also hope that you can participate in the construction of this ecological bank, we will give appropriate rewards to the friends who support the construction, welcome everyone to participate in more.

In addition to the AT communication framework just mentioned, we also provide comprehensive SDK networking capabilities. For example, we also provide networking components based on OpenCPU mode, which directly take the communication module as the main control to drive the networking components to the cloud. For example, we made OpenCPU scheme based on LoRa SOC together with ST and Ruixing Hengfang. TencentOS Tiny kernel runs directly in LoRa chip. Such scheme can also directly develop sensor applications, and radio frequency is also on the same chip, which can complete LoRa data receiving and receiving. Reduced power consumption and cost savings. OpenCPU also provides a standard interface for accessing our IoT cloud platform.

4. Open source core technology – firmware upgrade

The firmware upgrade process of TencentOS Tiny is shown in the figure. Under normal circumstances, developers or users create a product or device on OTA cloud of IoT platform. Now, IoT platform based on Cloud of Internet of Things can complete the deployment of the product or device, which can be regenerated into new firmware at the end and imported into PC. Add firmware header to form OTA upgrade package file.

You can upload the original firmware or compressed firmware. For differential upgrade, you need to upload the firmware of the old and new versions at the same time. After completing the firmware package uploaded, can trigger the firmware update from the cloud server, the process parameters will be distributed to the terminal, terminal parsed to download firmware, after completing the firmware integrity checking end side write OTA backup area, finally the boot program after completing check to cover the old mirror to complete the upgrade, after the completion of the upgrade equipment to upgrade the results report to cloud platform, The upgrade process is complete.

TencentOS Tiny’s firmware upgrade scheme is special in that we support both full mirror and differential firmware upgrade schemes. Limited resources can choose the difference scheme with less consumption. During the whole process, it provides firmware integrity security check, power failure protection, and firmware rollback. At the same time, for the differential upgrade scheme, we also provide a complete differential subcontracting tool, based on which the differential subcontracting can be made and deployed to the cloud.

The entire OTA source code is open source, including differential upgrade, which is the first fully open source differential upgrade solution in the industry. The performance of the solution we provide can also reach the same level in the industry. Of course, there may be some compatibility problems, and you are welcome to participate in the construction. Differential upgrade scheme in TencentOS Tiny component directory has all the source code, welcome to try.

5. Open source core technology – low power consumption

Low power The real-time operating system can automatically enter the low power mode under task conditions.

Because of periodic clock, the system in low power mode linger time is very short, usually 10 milliseconds, intermittent wake up, still there will be a high power consumption, some product or business need to sleep for a long time, this time don’t need to wake up all the time, can according to the scheme of strategy implement aperiodic clock wake up, calculate the next time you wake up of time, During this time, you can stop the Tick clock and wake up the clock every four, seven, or five ticks. This reduces the hibernation power consumption of the entire system.

We will also do some low-power cases, with external hardware peripherals to adjust power consumption. For example, communication module or other terminal hardware with high power consumption, cooperate with hibernation management. The external hardware can be hibernated or directly power off under Tickless, and the whole power consumption will be reduced.

6. Open source core technology – security components

Security is very important in the field of Internet of Things, especially in finance-level related Internet of Things terminals, such as scanning code terminals and payment devices, which have very high requirements on security. How is this guaranteed?

TencentOS Tiny has a complete layout in terminals. Firstly, the MCU side will follow the security capability of MCU itself. For example, some architectures support TEE, and OS will carry out corresponding software-level processing with TEE hardware. The entire TencentOS Tiny security solution is based on Tencent Cloud, secure end cloud integration.

The device provides the following security mechanisms: device ID and device certificate to ensure device uniqueness. The cloud also provides a complete security verification mechanism, including certificate verification and key management and distribution, to achieve security integration. It provides a variety of security level schemes, such as one-machine-one-secret, communication data encryption and so on. Now it also implements TID authentication mechanism with Tencent cloud platform. The whole security scheme, including the mechanism of the kernel, also conforms to Tencent Internet of Things security technical specifications.

7. Open source core technology -elfLoader

ElfLoader is a component provided by Tencento Iny for loading and executing elf format files. Support for linking to two object files, including object file.o and shared object file.so, also somewhat similar to the concept of dynamic loading under Linux, to load so files.

The elfLoader component has several features: First, it can separate the basic kernel from the application through the component, and can be called according to its own needs. What kind of application is needed, it can use Elfloder to call, and it can share the address space, uninstall the module when not needed, and release the address space for other apps to use.

The procedure for using elfLoader is as follows: First compile the APP into a. O or. So file, then put it into a file system accessible to the device, call the elfLoader component interface to load the.

The use process is very simple, providing such A way, can facilitate the flexible deployment of the business layer, using different applications, such as the same hardware products, it is possible to run A application from A manufacturer, B manufacturer run B application, based on this way temporary switch is also flexible.

8. Open source core technology – tutorial documents and video resources

There are also a number of articles and textbooks available, such as a complete tutorial in the DOC directory of the TencentOS Tiny open-source library.

If you feel tired of reading the document, we will also publish the video tutorial of the core components on Tencent Cloud, which has the video tutorial of the function introduced above, and will teach you how to experience it hand in hand.

TencentOS Tiny Open source ecology

TencentOS Tiny has established a good influence in the developer ecosystem. First of all, I would like to thank my fellow developers, both online and offline, for helping TencentOS Tiny get to where it is today. Thank you very much.

Now TencentOS Tiny supports more than 60 hardware platforms, such as STM32, NXP, HUada, Nordic Bluetooth, GD32, Guomin Technology, TI, Ruixing Hengfa, BROADcom and other MCU and communication modules.

In order to facilitate the experience of developers, from 2019 to now, we have provided five official development kits. Last year, we also carried out many events to send out customized development kits, and we will continue to provide development kits for everyone to experience. We hope that we can maintain a good technical atmosphere and communicate with each other.

We also continue to interact with developers. In July 2019, we opened TencentOS Tiny to the public. More than 100 developers participated in the public beta and we received a lot of feedback, which we are very grateful for, and based on which we made valuable changes to our requirements.

I also held open source salon in September, and participated in ST discussion afterwards to show solutions together. I also carried out online lectures in Cloud University, and held many IoT application innovation competitions, providing customized development boards for free experience. More than 500 developers participated in the competition and many award-winning works. Such as water purifier, air purifier system, take TencentOS Tiny to do cat lifting magic device, remote watering painting, desktop UI, computer room monitoring system, formaldehyde monitor, etc.

In the future, we will continue to carry out online and offline activities, and hope that more friends can join us. We hope to make more creative and valuable IoT products or technological explorations based on TencentOS Tiny. We hope that you can join us to build an active open source ecosystem and community.

TencentOS Tiny Partners and solution ecology

There are three important players in the ecosystem of IoT industry, namely chip manufacturers, module manufacturers and terminal manufacturers. TencentOS Tiny actively cooperates with them to build IoT ecosystem, including chip manufacturers such as ST and NXP, module manufacturers such as Guanghocom and Ruixing Hengfa, terminal manufacturers such as Photosynth display and Xinyugo. Also including Tencent AI Lab, Tencent Hillhouse and other internal cooperation teams, we look forward to more partners to join our ecosystem!

5. TencentOS Tiny Project Practice

Here are some application cases of TencentOS Tiny.

There is a saying in traditional agriculture that depends on the weather to eat. Crops need sunlight, rain and dew, and soil to grow. But can artificial intelligence and IoT technology be used to eat without the weather?

We do with tencent AI team tencent agriculture intelligent cultivation scheme, main work is through the IoT devices and sensors of greenhouse and greenhouse temperature and humidity, ph, light and other indicators, through the network to send to the cloud computing, AI work scheduling and adjust the related equipment adjustment, eventually achieve the goal of energy saving production increase agricultural income. At present, it has been piloted in Liaoning and Shandong. Tencent Binhai Building also has the on-site display of this program. Welcome experts to visit and exchange.

The second case is health. Regarding health issues, many people are concerned about the content of PM2.0, and this data is not available to users. In this context, the TencentOS Tiny team launched a public welfare project based on the TencentOS Tiny iot operating system. And superimposed Tencent cloud Internet of Things development platform, Tencent LoRa community and other IoT products incubated a public welfare prototype verification project.

As for PM2.5 air particulate matter detection, TencentOS Tiny provides a compact kernel and LoRaWAN SDK to help air monitoring data quickly go to the cloud. Currently, there are nearly 40 developers involved, and the monitoring terminal covers the urban area of Shenzhen, so that real-time observation of air quality changes can be made. It provides a good reference for healthy travel and outdoor sports.

The background of the third case is this: what if there is an important client visiting impromptu and the conference room cannot be booked at this time? We also made some solutions, mainly is the joint of tencent internal network platform of wireless technology, tencent enterprise IT departments, such as TencentOS Tiny run all kinds of terminal equipment in the meeting room, show room information, the core function is to the human body infrared detection, detect whether someone, to reserve half an hour, but no one meeting room, The system automatically frees resources so that the conference room can be used efficiently.

And other aspects, the infrared controller control room equipment, projectors, and TV, and so on, will deploy smoke sensor, monitoring room air quality, through the component to the cloud, the cloud application service can also convenient control orders, it can also control convenient socket, curtain, motor and so on.

Take formaldehyde monitor as an example, look at the actual development steps, the first step is to prepare the hardware, to TencentOS Tiny official development board for development, wifi selection ESP8266, the sensor is the British formaldehyde sensor. Then get the source code, and in a mainstream build environment, you can port the base kernel, as shown in the case project below.

Then add the customized firmware of Tencent Cloud to wifi to connect Tencent Cloud Internet of Things platform. Two points need to be paid attention to, as shown in the figure below. The left side needs to be connected to the serial port of the module in the middle to connect to PC, and the right side needs to enter the download mode of the module. Finally click start to download directly.

For terminal cloud interconnection, the first step is to create projects and products on Tencent Cloud IoT platform, create a device under the product, obtain the device ID, name and key, and finally compile and run.

The last step, access small program and public number. As shown in the figure below, client side software see cloud platforms have a regular reporting procedures, cloud platform associated Settings page qr code can be generated, so in WeChat scanning can binding equipment through a small program, developers can through a small program data, set the alarm data visualization display formaldehyde, formaldehyde exceeds bid data platform automatically pushed to the users of the public.

Through the above five simple steps, you can create a formaldehyde monitor, greatly improving the efficiency of product development.

The product rendering is shown in the picture below, which is very small. On the left is a comparison with well-known brands in the industry. They show 0.06ppm, while ours is 0.067ppm, so our precision is higher and cost is more competitive.

Vi. TencentOS Tiny Project Vision and future outlook

TencentOS Tiny’s overall desire is to develop IoT business through open source technology, ecological collaboration and cooperation with partners, and to promote commercial deployment of IoT products and solutions.

As a partner of chip and module hardware, TencentOS Tiny Iot operating system will carry out deep technical cooperation and actively support relevant hardware platforms to jointly promote developer ecology and business ecology.

For terminal products and solutions, TencentOS Tiny Internet of Things and industry products on Tencent Cloud actively create business landing opportunities for partners, and Tencent Cloud can give certain product preferential policies to support rapid commercial use if the number of Tencent cloud service equipment access reaches a large scale.

With the rapid development of TencentOS Tiny’s project, it is increasingly hoped that the ecosystem of Internet of Things can come to the track of win-win cooperation. Finally, it will donate the project to Open Atoms Foundation, so as to build software ecosystem with a more open mind, promote the development of national product Internet operating system and promote the establishment of industry standards for Internet of Things. Solve the problem of ecological fragmentation in the development of the Internet of Things. TencentOS Tiny will also actively cooperate with the developer app ecosystem after donating to the Foundation, and we hope you will also actively participate in the app ecosystem.

Seven, Q&A

Q: Is TencentOS Tiny only accessible to Tencent Cloud?

**A: **TencentOSTiny as Tencent’s IoT product, the priority service support must be based on Tencent cloud IoT platform access. In terms of architecture design, the decoupling of kernel + component is also very good, which supports many open source protocol components and standard protocol stack. Users can also use it if they want to connect to their own platforms. Users have a large space to play, and access to their own private cloud is also supported.

The same architecture is compatible. Not only Tencent cloud platform can be connected, but the platform built by everyone can also be connected, as long as it supports standard protocol stack.

Q: What specifications should the development of the Operating system of the Internet of Things follow?

**A: ** Operating system development up to now, the industry has not formed A very clear specification, the specification is also advancing, mainly in two aspects, first, the operating system kernel should follow some industry specifications, such as kernel interface specification; Secondly, Internet of Things communication protocol should be standardized, such as MQTT and other general Internet of Things protocol, must be done in accordance with industry norms.

TencentOS Tiny is used in the development process. It is recommended to follow the transplantation method provided by TencentOS Tiny. Some students have encountered some difficulties in transplantation according to their own way.

Q: I want to develop with TencentOS Tiny, but will TencentOS Tiny restrict my use of cloud platforms?

* * A: ** is not only allowed to access Tencent cloud platform, the iot protocol stack we provide is also realized based on open protocol. We can connect to other cloud platforms based on TencentOS Tiny. Some developers have used our TencentOS Tiny to connect to other platforms of friends, which we must be officially based on Tencent platform. However, it will not restrict users’ behaviors, and we welcome everyone to jointly develop the whole Internet of Things industry ecology based on an open and cooperative mentality.

Strong and no restrictions have been placed, itself is based on open source projects, will encourage you to much experience, much to the horizontal contrast, do some technology innovation, and so on, also welcome your own application or industry contribution to the open source community, everybody together to do big, iot fragments will now face a lot of opportunities, everyone can go to explore.

Q: What communication protocol is the Internet of Things based on?

**A: ** This is based on the requirements. Currently MQTT and TCP are widely used in the industry. The protocols can also be wifi, NB-iot, 4G or Bluetooth.

Q: What is the task management mechanism for TencentOS Tiny?

**A: ** Says the content is more, suggest you can read the source code and documentation, very detailed. Task management is similar, there is a linked list, sub-task priority, after can suggest reading source.

Q: TencentOS Tiny Does it have the virtual serial port function?

**A: ** Mainly depends on the hardware, we can simulate as A virtual serial port, this is A more common function.

Q: What language is the Internet of Things operating system based on?

**A: ** is mainly based on C language, and there will be A corresponding high-level language engine in the future.

Q: How to transform the development of Internet of Things?

**A: ** the question is very big and very good, and the answer is open-ended. If you are a very experienced software engineers, do iot development transformation is very simple, a programmer for a variety of languages are interlinked, embedded Internet platform, develop the only difference is that the traditional programmer to do actual operation based on the hardware, with the Windows programming is a bit different, but according to the mechanism of the compiled to run again, Get down to learning IoT related tutorials and try it out with IoT application scenarios.

Recently, Tencent has also launched case activities of TencentOS Tiny. Many of them are pure software development, and have never done embedded hardware before. Based on our tutorial, we quickly built a prototype of formaldehyde monitoring, and the transformation can be based on such practical cases. Also welcome to pay attention to TencentOS Tiny public number to see our actual case, I believe that zero basis you can also achieve, do transformation is actually very fast.

Q: Can you introduce the features of TencentOS Tiny Elfloader?

* * A: * * just like just to say, the kernel based on a constant basis, according to needs to load or unload application at any time, just like an APP in the android, the same memory space can be filled with pay treasure can be WeChat, which do you prefer WeChat uninstalled alipay, used to share the same memory space, The biggest feature is that users can easily switch applications at any time, also can achieve the purpose of saving embedded resources.

Q: Are there any hardware limitations?

**A: ** Hardware restrictions are mainly determined by the application scenarios of IoT. For example, IoT applications themselves are relatively simple and have low resource requirements, and may be able to run on STM8 microcontroller. The hardware resources are very small, to run on the complex IoT protocol stack, eight-bit SCM is certainly not enough, or according to the product and business scenarios to decide how to choose the hardware.

Q: Is JS open source already?

**A: ** is not open source yet, there are many features under continuous development, the subsequent open source will be announced in the open source community at the first time.

Q: What is the maximum number of devices that can access the service?

* * A: * * and terminal operating system has little to do, but with the Internet of things platform is bigger, the Internet of things platform access is a massive, distributed computer cluster, the number of platform access is determined by the cloud platform, throughput is very big now, hundreds of millions of Internet of things platform level equipment access all no problem, now also is not too much of an issue, Mainly look at the back of the background server deployment more and less.

Q: Do the two replaceable communication module AT drivers have to be mixed together?

* * A: All communication module drivers are placed in the device directory. BC28, BC35, EC200S are separate and do not overlap. Your business needs which module will be compiled into the module source code.

But ats framework is common, especially in the network layer API is unified, so are the benefits of the upper business applications do not need to change, such as collecting a sensor and the sensor data through the network interface to send logic is no change, you just need to have replaced the drive below, 4 g may be replaced by wifi driver, Or the wifi driver is changed to 4G, there is no big change or limitation for the application layer, the driver layer is not mixed together.

Q: Are the two teacher teams hiring now?

**A: ** We are also recruiting some talents. There will be more school recruitment and less social recruitment, but those who are particularly excellent can also apply for places with the leaders.

Q: Will it speed up development in the future?

**A: ** There was planning in the early stage, and some developers contributed to the compilation framework to speed up development, but now due to the pressure of some projects, it is not so fast.

Function is much more special, iot scenarios fragmentation is particularly serious, the business demand is very big, is mainly aimed at first on the core of the cloud needs to do preliminary support, their development needs will be preferred, as for the compilation of convenience will gradually, also will slowly do, in the short term also didn’t so fast, friend, also did ten years to do this, I hope you give us some time, TencentOS Tiny’s problems can be raised in the open source community at any time. We will also focus on the questions raised by you. Features that are in particular high demand will also be included in the priority support list.

Q: When will the CubeMX package be added?

**A: ** Not at present, we also need to see the business needs, we can do this according to everyone’s needs later, now it is not so fast.

Q: Does TencentOS Tiny currently have an open Source Contributor certificate?

**A: yes, there is **, but this certificate is highly valuable and recognized by the whole Tencent open source organization because of the strict review of Tencent open source. Each year, there are at most one or two people for each project. Welcome to make core contributions based on TencentOS Tiny, for example, there are many features in the list that may not be done, developers are willing to support contributions, this will get this certificate probability is very high.

Our project joined the Open Source Foundation with the same idea, based on a neutral scenario, to encourage everyone to participate in the project construction. I also hope that you can not only participate in the project, but also become the developer and owner of a module of the project. I hope that more fans and friends of TencentOS Tiny can really become the owners of TencentOS Tiny and participate in the construction together. Outstanding builders will be awarded contributor certificates with Tencent open Source application. Can judge according to contribution size, contribution is particularly big can have this certificate certainly!