Weekend, I was preparing the annual report PPT, girlfriend in the side of king of glory, suddenly she seemed to be the tower to send a personal head, very unhappy to ask me.
After about 10 minutes, I heard the word “Defeat”, and I knew that today’s event might be my fault again.
Network bandwidth
Bandwidth, also known as bandwidth, refers to the amount of data that can be transmitted per unit of time (usually 1 second).
The basic unit of digital information flow is the bit, and the basic unit of time is the Second. Therefore, bit/s is a unit of bandwidth. The more common unit is the BPS (Bit Per Second), which is called the bit rate of bandwidth. The higher the bit rate, the more data is transmitted per second.

More strictly speaking, the bandwidth that telecom sells us is called subscriber access bandwidth, which is the highest bit rate that a subscriber’s broadband connection can support. If the user purchases 100M broadband, telecom guarantees 100M bandwidth from the user’s optical cat to the telecom switch, but network requests may also need to pass through many other switch nodes, and the bandwidth between these switches also affects the end user. Therefore, the bandwidth used by the actual user is less than or equal to 100M.
To take a simple example, if you compare broadband to a road, then bandwidth is the amount of data that can pass through a point on the road per unit of time, which is actually the width of the road. The greater the bandwidth, the more lanes on a highway, the stronger its capacity.
Now, the government has built a two-lane, four-lane highway in front of your house. But that doesn’t mean all the roads you take from home to work are two-lane and four-lane. That is, the widest road you can enjoy on the road from the Home Road Company is a two-lane, four-lane road.
In general, we call the real bandwidth available to this user throughput. In general, the throughput will be lower than the purchased bandwidth.
The main factors affecting the bandwidth and throughput in the network are as follows:
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Network equipment (switch, router, hub);
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Topological structure (that is, network structure shape, such as star, ring);
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Data type;
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The number of users;
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Client and server (such as system bus, disk performance, network adapter, hardware firewall);
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Failure rates of power systems and natural disasters.
Network speed
Internet speed generally refers to the time it takes to upload and download data, request and return data when surfing the Internet on a computer or mobile phone.
As you can imagine, network speed must be related to bandwidth. Different bandwidth has the broadband rate is certainly different, here said the broadband rate we generally divided into up and down rate.
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Uplink rate refers to the data transmission rate when users send information to the Internet. For example: you send pictures to QQ space, send pictures or videos to Baidu cloud server. Uplink Rate determines the speed at which information is uploaded.
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Downlink rate refers to the data transfer rate when the Internet sends information to users, such as opening a browser or downloading files from the Internet. Downlink rate determines the speed at which information can be downloaded.
The comparison relationship between upstream and downstream broadband rates of China Telecom is as follows:

The unit of speed is bits per second (bit/s) or bit rate (BPS), and the unit of speed is bytes per second (Byte/s).
1 byte =8bits (1 byte =8bits), so the relationship between speed and speed is: Speed /8 = speed.
Download speed calculation method
The corresponding relationship between download speed and downlink speed is as follows: Limit download speed = downlink speed /8.
For example, if the bandwidth is 200M, the limit download speed is 204800K /8= 25600K bytes/second (Mbps) =25M/s. Of course, this is only theoretical.
Method for calculating the uplink rate
The relationship between the upload rate and the upstream rate is as follows: Upload rate = Limit upstream rate /8.
For example, if the bandwidth is 200M and the upper behavior is 10240kbps, the theoretical upload speed = 10240K /8= 1280K bytes/second = 1.25m /s. Of course, this is also the theoretical value.
The uplink rate is lower than the downlink rate
Generally, the upstream rate is lower than the downstream rate, which is restricted by network technology and line quality. In addition, the upstream rate is too high to impact the entire network, causing network congestion and affecting network security.
So, for 200M broadband, users can enjoy the maximum download speed is 25M/s, the maximum upload speed is 1.25m /s, this is only the optimal situation, the specific situation is also subject to many factors. This figure may vary from region to region and carrier to carrier.
So, do not think, do 200M broadband, network speed can reach 200M!!
Network latency
Network delay: indicates the time of transmission in the transmission medium, that is, the time between the time a packet enters the network and the time it leaves the network.
Network delay, the most obvious performance is playing games. In the process of playing the game, the user operates the mobile phone, and the mobile phone needs to transmit the user’s operation to the server, and the server sends back the picture after the operation to the user. If the data transfer time is too long, the page is stuck, that is, the network delay is high.
The network delay is generally divided into the following levels:
1~30ms: extremely fast, almost imperceptible delay, playing any game speed is very smooth
31~50ms: good, can play normally, no obvious delay
51~100ms: Normal, antagonism games can feel a significant delay, a slight pause
100ms: poor, can not play normally, there is a lag, packet loss and disconnection phenomenon
The relationship between network bandwidth, network speed, and network latency
Earlier we talked about the relationship between network speed and network bandwidth, and ideally, the higher the bandwidth, the faster the connection.
So, is it true that the higher the bandwidth, the faster the network, the lower the latency?
It’s not!
As we play games, in fact, for many games, the network speed is not so high, because the traffic per second is not much, in fact, the average game, 512KB is enough. Game latency has little to do with network speed.
The main factors affecting network latency are the number of nodes between target servers, node performance and the distance between nodes.
For example, if we want to drive from point A to point B, when we choose the road, we must first consider the length of the route, the number of traffic lights, accident rate lights. Although the breadth of reason may influence our choice to some extent, it is not decisive.
Like the same is playing king of Glory of the game, if the king of Glory server deployment in Shenzhen, then shenzhen users and Harbin users compared, certainly shenzhen users to play the game to be more fluent.
More obvious is to play that kind of foreign game friends must be more experience.
How to Reduce latency
In fact, if we play domestic games, the regional impact is not so great for the majority of game players, because many game companies will set up rooms in many places across the country. This allows you to connect to the nearest server. This is also a lot of servers divided into the northeast 1 area, Zhejiang area, Beijing area, and so on.
So, what can you do about it if you do have high latency?
1, if their broadband is very low, the first step must be to improve broadband. There’s not much difference between a 100M user and a 200M user. However, there might be a difference between 5M and 50M.
2. Change carrier or region. Some games have telecom zone, unicom zone, so try to choose the same zone with your network provider to play, this can greatly reduce network latency.
3. Use accelerators. The principle of game accelerator is to reduce game latency by selecting new network nodes and bypassing the original ones with higher latency.
