Build a React + typescript scaffolding project from scratch

preface

This article abandoned the official recommended NPX create-react-app my-app scaffolding installation method, build your own environment, so that you have absolute control of your project, a comprehensive understanding of the project configuration file.

Abandon the official scaffolding and build the environment manually

Create a basic configuration file

Create a package.json file

  npm init -y
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Introduction to Some Fields
- Script: Running script commandsnpmCommand line abbreviations
- Description: Indicates the description of the project

create`.gitignore`

This file determines which files or folders to ignore when your project commits to Git
Editors such as vscode also listen for all files except.gitignore
If a file that is not ignored changes, it will be recognized as a file that needs to be committed when git commits

create`.npmrc`

Create a file

  # powershell
  New-Item .npmrc
  # linux
  touch .npmrc
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Add configuration code to use Taobao mirror to speed up

  registry=https://registry.npm.taobao.org/
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create`README.md`

Standard code

Prettier of the code

Standard code is very important, in the first place, a good project, must ensure the code quality, uniform code style
Use Prettier to format code

Prettier-code formatter install prettier-code formatter in vscode
Install command

  npm install prettier -D
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Create the.prettierrc.js file as defined by company rules

ArrowParens: 'avoid', // arrow functions with only one argument can ignore the parentheses bracketSpacing: true, // brackets should not appear inside the spacing endOfLine: 'lf', // use Unix format jsxBracketSameLine: false, // jsxSingleQuote: False, // JSX attribute use double quotation marks printWidth: 140, // line width proseWrap: 'preserve', // newline semi: true, // add semicolon at the end of a sentence: TabWidth: 2, // Indent useTabs: false, // Indent trailingComma with Spaces: // Add a space between the bracketons and the text of the object; // Print a semicolons at the end of the statementCopy the code

Create a settings.json file in the new.vscode folder. The configuration takes precedence over the editor’s global configuration

Ignore certain folders with.prettierIgnore

  /node_modules
  /build
  /dist
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Notes on NPM
- npm install XXX -S
  - This setup is partial and will be in dependencie in package.json file
  - Dependencies: Indicates the dependency management in the production environment
- npm install XXX -D
  - This setup is local and is written to devDependencies in package.json
  - DevDependencies: Describes dependency management in the development environment
  - If you install libraries that are used to package and parse code, such as Webpack or Babel, you can use -d to install them. Once the project goes live, these libraries will be useless
- npm install XXX -g
  - Global installation. Once installed, it can be used elsewhere
- npm install XXX
  - NPM install –save NPM install –save NPM install –save

Eslint for the code specification

Eslint is primarily designed to address code quality issues, fixes can be made, and red lines can be prompted
Using eslint

Install command
```
  npm install eslint -D
  npx eslint --init
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```
- After executing the second command, you can select what you need
- Install typescript to avoid errorsnpm install typescript -D
- configure
```
Specific can be set according to their own needsCopy the code
```

If you want to enable esLint auto repair, you can add the following code to setting.json in the.vscode folder in addition to vscode to have the same effect

"eslint.validate": ["javascript", "javascriptreact", "typescript", "typescriptreact"], "typescript.tsdk": "./node_modules/typescript/lib", // instead of VSCode ts syntax smarts "editor.codeActionsOnSave": {" source.fixall.eslint ": true,},Copy the code

Ignore certain folders with.eslintignore

  /node_modules
  /build
  /dist
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Prettier conflicts with ESLint

Install the plugin eslint-config-prettier to disable the rule where Prettier conflicts with prettier
```
  npm install eslint-config-prettier -D
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```
Add the following code to the extends of.eslintrc.js
```
  'prettier'
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```

Eslint validates submitted code before submitting it

Passage Ten formatted and ESLint validated the most recently modified files in git cache using Lint-staged and Husky

Install command

  npm install husky lint-staged -D
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Add the following configuration to package.json

"husky": { "hooks": { "pre-commit": "lint-staged" } }, "lint-staged": { "*.{ts,tsx,js}": ["eslint -- config.eslintrc.js "// --config specifies the configuration file to validate.ts.tsx.js in the temporary area, without --fix, Prevent the automatic repair unknown code], "*. {ts, the TSX, js, json, HTML, yml, CSS, less, SCSS, md}" : ["prettier --write" // --write code doesn't change syntax, automatic format can be added]}Copy the code

Verify the commit message

The installationcommitlint

Install command

  npm install @commitlint/cli @commitlint/config-conventional -D
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Create the.commitlintrc.js file in the root directory and enter the following configuration

module.exports = { extends: ['@commitlint/config-conventional'], rules: { 'type-enum': [ 2, 'always', ['build', 'ci', 'chore', 'docs', 'feat', 'fix', 'perf', 'refactor', 'revert', 'style', 'test', 'anno'], ,}}Copy the code

Configure the following code in package.json for husky

  {
    "husky": {
      "hooks": {
        "pre-commit": "lint-staged",
        "commit-msg": "commitlint --config .commitlintrc.js -E HUSKY_GIT_PARAMS"
      }
    },
  }
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Webpack configuration

Install webpack and webpack-CLI commands

  npm install webpack webpack-cli -D
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Create config folder

Create constant.js under the folder to define public variables

const path = require('path'); const PROJECT_PATH = path.resolve(__dirname, '.. / '); // Current project root directory const PROJECT_NAME = path.parse(project_path.name); module.exports = { PROJECT_PATH, PROJECT_NAME, };Copy the code

Create the webpack.common.js file in the folder and create the following code

  const path = require('path');
  const { PROJECT_PATH } = require('./constant');

  module.exports = {
    entry: {
      index: path.resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './src/index.tsx'),
    },
    output: {
      filename: 'js/[name].[hash:8].js',
      path: path.resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './dist'),
    },
  };
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__dirnameThe absolute path on the computer that refers to the current folder

Add the command to the package.json script and execute it on the terminal`npm run bulid`A file corresponding to the dist file is generated

  "build": "webpack --config ./scripts/config/webpack.common.js"
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Distinguish between development and production environments

Install the webpack-merge command

  npm install webpack-merge -D
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Create the webpack.dev.js file in config to configure the development environment

  const { merge } = require('webpack-merge');
  const common = require('./webpack.common');

  module.exports = merge(common, {
    mode: 'development',
  });
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Create the webpack.prod.js file in config to configure the development environment

  const { merge } = require('webpack-merge');
  const common = require('./webpack.common');

  module.exports = merge(common, {
    mode: 'production',
  });
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Use cross-env to differentiate between development and production environments in a common configuration file
- There is also an option for a certain configuration in the common configuration. Different configurations are used in the development environment and production environment. To avoid repetitive code writing, set environment variables
- Cross-env can be set up and used across platforms, regardless of operating system differences
- Install command
```
  npm install cross-env -D
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```
- Modify the code in script in package.json
```
  "start": "cross-env NODE_ENV=development webpack --config ./scripts/config/webpack.dev.js",
  "build": "cross-env NODE_ENV=production webpack --config ./scripts/config/webpack.prod.js"
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```
- Add variables to constants.js
```
const isDev = process.env.NODE_ENV ! == 'production';Copy the code
```
- This command is used to modify output in webpack.common.js. The hash value is used in the production environment but not in the development environment
```
  filename: `js/[name]${isDev ? ' ' : '.[hash:8]'}.js`,
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```
- Devtool adds error messages
  - Add the code in webpack.dev.js
```
  devtool: 'cheap-module-source-map',
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```
  - The production environment does not require an error message. Set webpack.pord.js to None
```
  devtool: false,
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```

`npm run start`Live page appears

html-webpack-pluginAutomatically import packaged JS files into HTML files
webpack-dev-serverLocal HTTP service, through simple configuration can also specify its port, hot update enabled, and so on

Install command

  npm install webpack-dev-server html-webpack-plugin -D
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In the root directory, create the index.html file in the public folder and add plugin to webpck.common.js to import the index.html file

  plugins: [
    new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
      template: resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './public/index.html'),
      filename: 'index.html',
      cache: false,
      minify: isDev
        ? false
        : {
            removeAttributeQuotes: true,
            collapseWhitespace: true,
            removeComments: true,
            collapseBooleanAttributes: true,
            collapseInlineTagWhitespace: true,
            removeRedundantAttributes: true,
            removeScriptTypeAttributes: true,
            removeStyleLinkTypeAttributes: true,
            minifyCSS: true,
            minifyJS: true,
            minifyURLs: true,
            useShortDoctype: true,
          },
    }),
  ],
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Define variables in constants.js, introduce variables in webpack.dev.js and configure devServer

DevServer: {host: SERVER_HOST, // specify host, default is localhost port: SERVER_PORT, // specify port, default is 8080 compress: Open: true, // Open the default browser hot: true, // hot update},Copy the code

NPM run start (NPM run start, NPM run start, NPM run start)
Use the clean-webpack-plugin to pack and compile the DIST folder every time the NPM run build is compiled
- Install command
```
  npm install clean-webpack-plugin -D
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```
- Add the following code to webpack.pord.js to automatically find the path in output and clean it up
```
   plugins: [
    new CleanWebpackPlugin(),
  ],
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```

Loader file processing

Install style-loader and CSS-loader to perform CSS style processing

Install command

  npm install style-loader css-loader -D
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Add the following code to webpack.common.js

module: { rules: [ { test: /\.css$/, use: [ 'style-loader', { loader: 'css-loader', options: { modules: False, // The default value is false. SourceMap: isDev, // The value is the same as devtool. 0, // Specify the laoder number used before CSS loader processing},},],},],},Copy the code

Install less and less-loader and process less files

Install command

  npm install less less-loader -D
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Webpack.common.js rules add code

{ test: /\.less$/, use: [ 'style-loader', { loader: 'css-loader', options: { modules: false, sourceMap: IsDev, importLoaders: 1, // needs to be processed by less-loader first, so set it to 1},}, {loader: 'less-loader', options: {sourceMap: isDev, }, }, ], },Copy the code

Install Node-sass and Sass-Loader to process SCSS files

Install command

  npm install node-sass sass-loader -D
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Add the following code to webpack.common.js rules

{ test: /\.scss$/, use: [ 'style-loader', { loader: 'css-loader', options: { modules: false, sourceMap: IsDev, importLoaders: 1, // Must be processed by ass-loader first, so set it to 1},}, {loader: 'ass-loader', options: {sourceMap: isDev, }, }, ], },Copy the code

File-loader or url-loader processes local resource files

Install command

  npm install file-loader url-loader -D
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Add code to rules

  {
     test: [/\.bmp$/, /\.gif$/, /\.jpe?g$/, /\.png$/],
     use: [
       {
         loader: 'url-loader',
         options: {
           limit: 10 * 1024,
           name: '[name].[contenthash:8].[ext]',
           outputPath: 'assets/images',
         },
       },
     ],
   },
   {
     test: /\.(ttf|woff|woff2|eot|otf)$/,
     use: [
       {
         loader: 'url-loader',
         options: {
           name: '[name].[contenthash:8].[ext]',
          outputPath: 'assets/fonts',
        },
      },
    ],
  },
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React and typescript are supported

React Installation commands

  npm install react react-dom -S
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Install babel-loader to identify syntax, otherwise error

Install command

  npm install babel-loader @babel/core @babel/preset-react -D
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Supports ts installation commands

  npm install @babel/preset-typescript -D
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The root directory creates a new.babelrc file

  {
    "presets": ["@babel/preset-react", "@babel/preset-typescript"]
  }
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Add the following code to the rules of webpack.common.js

{ test: /\.(tsx? |js)$/, loader: 'babel-loader', options: { cacheDirectory: true }, exclude: /node_modules/, },Copy the code

If the resolve attribute is added to webpack.common.js, webpack will try to add the.tsx suffix first. If the file cannot be found, it will try to find the file in turn

  resolve: {
    extensions: ['.tsx', '.ts', '.js', '.json'],
  },
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React type declaration, install command

  npm install @types/react @types/react-dom -D
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Note that there may be an ESLint error, just change the corresponding value in the ESLint configuration file, then you can try the code in the TSX file and start NPM run start

The tsconfig.json file is created in the root directory

Generate file command, also can create their own
```
  npx tsc --init
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```

Delete the useless code and add the following code

For details, see GithupCopy the code

Talk about baseUrl and Paths, which configure paths and prevent deep nesting

"BaseUrl" : ". / ", "paths" : / / root directory {/ / path map, associated with baseUrl "Src / *" : / Src / * ", "Components / *" : ["src/components/*"], "Utils/*": ["src/utils/*"] },Copy the code

Add the code to webpack.common.js

  resolve: {
    extensions: ['.tsx', '.ts', '.js', '.json'],
    alias: {
      'Src': resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './src'),
      'Components': resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './src/components'),
      'Utils': resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './src/utils'),
    }
  },
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Src/Components: Src/Components: Src/Components /.. / the

Babel configuration

Part of Babel has already been configured
@babel/preset-env Find out the plugin needed to translate ES6+ syntax according to the target browser environment set
- Install command
```
  npm install @babel/preset-env -D
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```
Babel/plugin-transform-Runtime resolves some new features, such as includes
- Install command
```
  npm install @babel/plugin-transform-runtime -D
  npm install @babel/runtime-corejs3 -S
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```
- The @babel/plugin-transform-runtime function is to translate the code. The translated code may introduce modules from @babel/ Runtime-corejs3. So the former runs at compile time and the latter at run time. Similar to Polyfill, the latter needs to be packaged into the final product to run in the browser
Modify the code in.babelre

{"presets": [["@babel/preset-env", {// Prevent Babel from projecting any module type to CommonJS, causing tree-shaking invalid problem "modules": false } ], "@babel/preset-react", "@babel/preset-typescript" ], "plungins": [ [ "@babel/plugin-transform-runtime", { "corejs": { "version": 3, "proposals": true }, "useESModules": true } ] ] }Copy the code

Webpack optimization

Note that the official scaffolding public has the favicon.ico file, which we can also introduce in index.html

To generate images in the dist folder during NPM run builds, install the copy-webpack-plugin

Install command

  npm install copy-webpack-plugin -D
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Add the plugin code in webpack.common.js

  new CopyWebpackPlugin({
    patterns: [
      {
        context: resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './public'),
        from: '*',
        to: resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './dist'),
        toType: 'dir',
        globOptions: {
          dot: true,
          gitignore: true,
          ignore: ['**/index.html'],
        },
      },
    ],
  }),
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This plugin deals with static resources, as well as other static resources

Display the build progress when starting or building

Install the webpackbar command

  npm install webpackbar -D
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Add the following code to webpack.common.js, and use whatever color you like

  new WebpackBar({
    name: isDev ? 'run' : 'build',
    color: isDev ? '#00b2a9' : '#ee6139',
  }),
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Typescript type detection at compile time

Fork-ts-checker -webpack-plugin prevents unnecessary bugs

Install command

  npm install fork-ts-checker-webpack-plugin -D
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Add the following code to webpack.common.js

  new ForkTsCheckerWebpackPlugin({
    typescript: {
      configFile: resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './tsconfig.json'),
    },
  }),
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Separate some referenced third-party packages into separate chunks

Add the following code to webpack.prod.js

  output: {},
  optimization: {
    splitChunks: {
      chunks: 'all',
      name: false,
      minSize: 0,
    },
  },
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Code hot update

After modifying the code, the whole page will not be refreshed, only partial changes to the page

Modify the code in webpack.dev.js

In the devServerhot: true

Add new plugins

  const webpack = require('webpack');
  plugins: [new webpack.HotModuleReplacementPlugin()],
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Install @ types/webpack – env

  npm install @types/webpack-env -D
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Add the following code to the defined intersection file

  if (module && module.hot) {
    module.hot.accept()
  }
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Remove CSS and package separately and remove unwanted CSS code

Mini-css-extract-plugin for CSS style split, packaged separately

Install command

  npm install mini-css-extract-plugin -D
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Modify the following code in webpack.common.js

Change 'style-loader' to isDev? 'style-loader' : MiniCssExtractPlugin.loader,Copy the code

Add the following code to webpack.prod.js

const MiniCssExtractPlugin = require('mini-css-extract-plugin'); Add new MiniCssExtractPlugin({filename: 'CSS /[name].[Contenthash :8].css', chunkFilename: 'css/[name].[contenthash:8].css', ignoreOrder: false, }),Copy the code

Purgecss-webpack-plugin removes unwanted styles

Install command (glob is used to find file paths)

  npm install purgecss-webpack-plugin glob -D
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Add the following code to webpack.prod.js

  const PurgeCSSPlugin = require('purgecss-webpack-plugin');
  new PurgeCSSPlugin({
    paths: glob.sync(`${resolve(PROJECT_PATH, './src')}/**/*.{tsx,scss,less,css}`, { nodir: true }),
    whitelist: ['html', 'body'],
  }),
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The compression code

Compressed JS code

Terser-webpack-plugin install command

  npm install terser-webpack-plugin -D
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Add the following code to the optimization of Webpack.prod.js

``` const CssMinimizerPlugin = require('css-minimizer-webpack-plugin'); const TerserPlugin = require('terser-webpack-plugin'); Minimize: true, minimizer: [new TerserPlugin({extractComments: false, // Remove all comments except comments with special markers terserOptions: { compress: { pure_funcs: ['console.log']}, // remove console.log},}), new CssMinimizerPlugin(), // Compress CSS code below], ' 'Copy the code

Compressed CSS code
- Css-minimizer-webpack-plugin install command
```
  npm install css-minimizer-webpack-plugin -D
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```
- The code has been added above

The divider

I spent a lot of time on this part of the article, and I’m sure there are many shortcomings in the article. I welcome your comments
The following will also continue to package and optimize on the basis of this article
Githup address:https://github.com/BreezyZhang/react-scaffold

Build a React + typescript scaffolding project from scratch

preface

Abandon the official scaffolding and build the environment manually

Create a basic configuration file

Create a package.json file

create.gitignore

create.npmrc

createREADME.md

Standard code

Prettier of the code

Eslint for the code specification

Prettier conflicts with ESLint

Eslint validates submitted code before submitting it

Verify the commit message

Webpack configuration

Install webpack and webpack-CLI commands

Create config folder

Add the command to the package.json script and execute it on the terminalnpm run bulidA file corresponding to the dist file is generated

Distinguish between development and production environments

npm run startLive page appears

Loader file processing

React and typescript are supported

React Installation commands

Install babel-loader to identify syntax, otherwise error

The tsconfig.json file is created in the root directory

Babel configuration

Webpack optimization

Note that the official scaffolding public has the favicon.ico file, which we can also introduce in index.html

Display the build progress when starting or building

Typescript type detection at compile time

Separate some referenced third-party packages into separate chunks

Code hot update

Remove CSS and package separately and remove unwanted CSS code

The compression code

The divider

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IntersectionObserver interface details

create`.gitignore`

create`.npmrc`

create`README.md`

Add the command to the package.json script and execute it on the terminal`npm run bulid`A file corresponding to the dist file is generated

`npm run start`Live page appears