Linux learning route by fish skin.

Original is not easy, please do not copy, offenders will be prosecuted!

Hello everyone, I am fish skin, and spent a week liver out of the Linux learning material family bucket, including learning routes, command manual, video, books, documents, actual combat tutorial, community, tools, big factory interview questions, complete to share with you!

Before reading this article, I recommend watching the video, which is a special introductory tutorial. I will take you through a project to quickly learn common Linux commands in the enterprise, and you should have a good understanding of Linux in a few minutes

Video address: www.bilibili.com/video/BV1ev…

Why learn Linux?

Compared with Windows, Linux is free, open source, secure, flexible, stable and easy to develop, so it is more favored by enterprises. Even more than 90% of enterprise applications are deployed on Linux servers.

Whether it is front end, back end, algorithm, testing, operation and maintenance of computer related positions of students, are recommended to learn Linux, has a great benefit.

Learning state

First of all, Linux is easy to get started with, but much harder to learn thoroughly!

Therefore, be clear about your goals before you study.

Learning Linux can be divided into several levels:

  1. Smart energy, is to understand the basic concepts of Linux, can type common commands to deal with the work. For most of you who want to work in development and operations, that’s enough to get you a job.
  2. Dark strength, and divided into two realms, can understand Linux, especially its kernel design ideas, for small success; Can apply its idea to the system architecture design, for the great success. Dark strength realm master, impact big factory, architect, engaged in the bottom development, are not a problem.
  3. Jin hua, it can be said that the best, not only familiar with the use of Linux, ideas and details, but also to create new systems.

Of course, under normal circumstances, will use enough, want to enter the factory had better also learn some kernel design ideas. Once you get a job, it’s entirely up to you whether you want to study further.

The outline

route

Linux Basics

  • The development history
  • ⭐ Features and advantages
  • Application scenarios
  • ⭐ Common Linux OS versions (CentOS 7+ is recommended)
    • ⭐ CentOS
    • ⭐ Ubuntu
    • Debian
    • Fedora
  • What is Open source?

Linux environment

  • building

    • ⭐ virtual machine
    • ⭐ Cloud Server
    • Online tools
    • WSL
    • Docker container

  • The remote connection

    • ⭐ SSH
    • Connection tool
      • ⭐ XShell
      • ⭐ MobaXterm
      • SecureCRT
      • Putty

Common Linux Commands

Only the command names are listed here. For details about how to use the commands, see www.linuxcool.com/

System information

  • Uname Displays system information
  • Hostname displays the hostname
  • Cat /proc/cpuinfo Views CPU information
  • Lsmod View the loaded system modules
  • Top View the system usage
  • Df View disk usage
  • Fdisk Displays disk partitions
  • Du View directory usage
  • Iostat Displays I/O usage
  • Free Displays the system memory information
  • Env Displays environment variables
  • Uptime Displays the system running time, number of users, and load

System operation

  • Shutdown shutdown
  • Reboot to restart
  • Mount Mount the device
  • Umount Unmounts the device

The user related

  • Su Switching users
  • Sudo is executed as an administrator
  • Who Displays the current user name
  • SSH Remote Connection
  • Logout logout
  • Useradd Creates a user
  • Userdel Deletes a user
  • Usermod Modifies the user
  • Groupadd Creates a user group
  • Groupdel Deletes a user group
  • Groupmod Modifies a user group
  • Passwd Changes the password
  • Last Displays the login information of the user or terminal

Documents related to

  • CD Switching directories
  • Ls Displays the directory list
  • Tree Prints the directory tree
  • Mkdir Creates a directory
  • Rm Deleting a Directory
  • Touch New file
  • Cp Copy file
  • Mv Move file
  • Ln creates a file link
  • Find search files
  • Locate location file
  • Whereis looks at the executable file path
  • Which searches for the location of a system command in the specified PATH
  • Chmod Sets directory permission
  • Cat/more/less View files
  • Tac View files in reverse order
  • Head/tail View the start and end of a file
  • Paste Merge files
  • Zip/tar/gzip compressed file
  • Unzip/tar/gunzip Decompress the file
  • Grep/sed/awk text processing
  • Vim text editing

related

  • Crontab schedules tasks
  • Nohup background run program
  • Jobs Displays system tasks
  • Ps Viewing process
  • Kill Kill a process
  • RPM/yum/apt/apt-get/DPKG Package management
  • Service/systemctl Service management

Network related

  • Ifconfig Displays network properties
  • Netstat Displays the network status
  • Iptables Displays iptables rules

other

  • Date Displays the system time

  • CAL display calendar

  • History Display and operation history

  • Help help

  • Alias alias

User management

  • The user
  • User groups
  • ACL Permission Management
  • User switching
  • The administrator

File management

  • File operations
    • create
    • Modify the
    • copy
    • mobile
    • delete
  • File browsing
  • File search
  • File permissions
  • Hard and soft links
  • Compress/uncompress

Text manipulation

  • Regular expression
  • grep
  • sed
  • awk

VIM editor

  • Basic operation

  • model

  • shortcuts

  • VIM custom

  • Plug-in enhancements

Send a VIM keyboard picture:

Disk management

  • Usage query
  • Disk partition
  • mount

Driver management

  • Driver is loaded
  • Driver update
  • The network card
  • The graphics card

Process management

  • Start the process
  • Kill the process
  • Check the process
  • Foreground/background tasks
  • Process monitoring

Schedule a task

  • Crond service
  • Crontab command

Network management

  • IP
  • port
  • The host name
  • hosts
  • The network configuration
  • The network status
  • Network monitoring

System management

  • System Settings

    • Date/time
    • language
    • Character set

  • System services

  • The environment variable

  • The log

  • The system shuts down/restarts

  • Data backup and recovery

Service management

  • Service to check the
  • Start the service
  • Disable the service
  • Remove the service
  • Boot from the rev.

Software management

  • Package manager

    • ⭐ RPM
    • ⭐ yum
    • apt
    • apt-get
    • dpkg

  • Software installation

  • Software updates

  • Software uninstall

  • The source code to install

Build common software/services

  • HTTP

  • Mail

  • NFS

  • DNS

  • FTP

  • mysql

  • LVS + Keepalived

  • Apache

  • Nginx

  • Redis

  • The log service

Shell scripting

  • The default variable

  • The operator

  • conditions

  • cycle

  • perform

  • function

    • The system function
    • Custom function

  • specification

  • Debug method

  • The pipe

  • The I/O redirection

Linux Startup Process

  • BIOS Boot
  • Boot loader
  • The kernel is loaded
  • System initialization (init)
  • Run level
  • Start the kernel
  • Execute the initialization script
  • The user login

The Linux kernel

  • Kernel composition
  • The directory structure
  • version
  • The module
  • compile
  • tailoring

Specific roadmap reference:

Third-party tools

  • Ansible

  • Webmin

  • Pagoda Linux

jobs

  • Back-end development (Java/Go/C++)

  • Low-level development (C/C++)

  • Operations and development

  • Big data

  • Cloud computing

  • Automated operation and maintenance

  • Embedded development

  • Network engineer

Study suggest

You are advised to purchase a cloud server and set up a Linux VM environment on the local PC.

You must start from 0 and type commands to install software and deploy services. You must be familiar with the whole project deployment process.

Type each command at least once to understand what they do, and familiarize yourself with common Linux commands through natural practice.

It doesn’t matter if you can’t remember it. Just look it up in the file.

First know how to use, then understand.

If you don’t have much time, you can use the interview questions to learn some Linux design ideas rather than dive into the kernel, which is helpful but not cost-effective.

resources

  • video

    • ⭐ 2021 Han Shunping week learn Linux:www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Sv… CentOS 7.6 version is new, the video length is just right, also relatively complete)
    • [qian feng] Linux based video tutorial introduction to 650 sets of cloud computing: www.bilibili.com/video/BV1pz…
    • Linux tutorial crazy god said Java 】 【 ali cloud real learning environment: www.bilibili.com/video/BV187…
    • Dwell on Linux – from entry to master: study.163.com/course/cour…
    • Play Vim from give up to love: www.imooc.com/learn/1129 (…
    • Ali cloud Linux ops learning route: edu.aliyun.com/roadmap/lin…

  • books

    • “Birdbrother’s Linux private dishes – Basics” : cn.linux.vbird.org/linux_basic…
    • The deep understanding of the LINUX kernel “: book.douban.com/subject/176…
    • “Inside the Linux kernel architecture” : book.douban.com/subject/484…
    • The Linux kernel completely analyzes: book.douban.com/subject/322…
    • The design and implementation of the Linux kernel (the original book 3rd edition) “: book.douban.com/subject/609…

  • The document

    • Linux tutorial (novice tutorial) : www.runoob.com/linux/linux…

    • Linux Tutorial (W3CSchool) : www.w3cschool.cn/linux/

    • Linux Tools – Rst.readThedocs. IO (Basics, Tools advanced, tools Reference)

  • collection

    • Linux kernel learning Materials: github.com/0voice/linu…
    • GitHub Linux: github.com/topics/linu…
    • GitHub Linux Collection: github.com/inputsh/awe… Series technology)
    • StackOverflow:stackoverflow.com/questions/t…
    • Nuggets Linux zone: juejin.cn/tag/Linux (technical…

  • In actual combat

    • ⭐ Blue Bridge Cloud course Linux Basics: www.lanqiao.cn/courses/1 (strong…
    • Tencent cloud hands-on LABS: cloud.tencent.com/developer/l…
    • Ali cloud lab experience: developer.aliyun.com/adc/labs/
    • Ali Cloud zhixing laboratory: start.aliyun.com/
    • Huawei cloud sandbox laboratory: lab.huaweicloud.com/

  • Community (domestic pour almost)

    • Linux China: linux.cn/
    • Open Source China: www.oschina.net/ (Comprehensive Open Source community)
    • Red Hat website: www.redhat.com/zh

  • tool

    • DistroTest Online operating system test: distrotest.net
    • ⭐ Linux command search: wangchujiang.com/linux-comma…
    • Man.linuxde.net/
    • Linux commands: www.linuxcool.com/
    • Linux command example: linux-commands-examples.com/
    • Pagoda Linux Panel: www.bt.cn/
    • Online Shell script check: www.shellcheck.net

  • The interview questions

    • The cow from Linux special exercises: www.nowcoder.com/intelligent…

    • Interview questions: www.nowcoder.com/search?quer…

    • Linux often meet try finishing: zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/376749877

    • Linux often meet questions: github.com/0voice/linu…

The end of the

The above is the learning route based on a few nights of personal experience and a large number of online videos, articles and comments. (You can get the original image at the public account “Programmer Yu PI”. It is really not easy. If you are satisfied, please be sure to give a thumbs-up.