AGI: Life, Consciousness, Five Elements, I Ching, Quantum

Classical physics is unified on atoms, quantum physics is unified on quantum, chemistry is unified on elements, and life is unified on DNA. DNA itself is stripped dry, which is actually a group of elements, according to the combination of classical physics and quantum physics. Science is essentially an empirical epistemology, a branch of philosophy. Quantum theory, through the language of philosophy, quantum belongs to metaphysically invisible, intangible things. The five basic elements of the yuan qi are the way in which all things in the world become and evolve. The essence of life is chemistry, the essence of chemistry is physics, the essence of physics is described by mathematics, the essence of mathematics is written in one of our languages. Schrodinger’s What is Life points out that life is a process of negative entropy, in which all things return to nothingness and work must be done all the time. Through the orderliness of large molecules, to overcome the disorder of small molecules and atoms, the system formed is life.

 

directory

life

1. What is Life?

The five elements

1. The origin of the Five elements

Yin Yang and five elements VS quantum theory

The I ching

0, the pronunciation of difficult words in I Ching

1. What is I Ching?

2. What is the core of the I Ching?

The I Ching is expressed in the eight diagrams, which in turn extends to the 64 hexagrams

4. What are the effects of the I Ching?

5. What is the dialectical principle of I Ching?

The quantum theory

1. Concept of quantum theory

2. History of quantum theory

3. Influence of quantum theory

4. What is quantum theory?

Interpretation of quantum theory

Quantum mechanics VS classical mechanics

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AGI: The First chapter — Life, Consciousness, Five Elements, I Ching, Quantum: The second chapter — Thinking, Life Science, the Objective World

 

life

Schrodinger’s What is Life points out that life is a process of negative entropy, in which all things return to nothingness and work must be done all the time. Through the orderliness of large molecules, to overcome the disorder of small molecules and atoms, the system formed is life. In the 1970s, number theory was a discrete system. The essence of life is chemistry, the essence of chemistry is physics, the essence of physics is described by mathematics, the essence of mathematics is written in one of our languages.

1. What is Life?

Nobel Prize-winning Austrian physicist Schrodinger wrote in his 1944 book What Is Life? (What Is Life?) “, poses a more specific but equally thought-provoking question: “What makes living systems seem to contradict the known laws of physics? Schrodinger’s answer now seems prophetic. He pointed out that life is characterized by a “code book” that not only guides cell organization and heredity, but also allows organisms to escape the second law of thermodynamics. In this book, Schrodinger put forward the concept of life code and negative entropy of life process, and emphasized the importance of studying life phenomena with physical and chemical methods. What started out as a collection of popular science lectures, written by non-experts, turned out to be a key book in the discovery of the structure of DNA that led to the birth of molecular biology. His ideas influenced a generation of biologists, pioneered the research of information biology, and played an immeasurable role in the biological revolution of the 20th century. Schrodinger leads the exploration of the daunting subject of life in a relaxing and enjoyable writing style that is profound and entertaining, making it one of the best books to read for anyone wishing to understand the theory of the origin of life. Schrodinger’s idea of the entropy balance of life can be seen as a precursor to the study of how biological privileges such as replication, memory, aging, epigenetic modification, and self-regulation can be understood as non-equilibrium complex processes that cannot be ignored in the environment. Interestingly, similar considerations of environment and contingency are now considered to be at the heart of quantum mechanics, with the ideas of entanglement, decoherence and context. Whether this is more than a coincidence, we can’t say. —- from the network

 

The five elements

1. The origin of the Five elements

Yin and Yang originated from the BOOK of Changes, while the five elements originated from the eight diagrams and were all based on river maps. The five Elements is a systematic view of ancient Chinese Taoist philosophy, widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, geomancy, numerology, physiognomy and divination. The meaning of the five elements is derived from the five basic dynamics of the evolution of Yin and Yang: water (for moistening down), fire (for inflammation up), metal (for convergence), wood (for extension) and earth (for neutralization). Ancient Chinese philosophers used the five elements theory to explain the formation of all things in the world and their relationship with each other. It emphasizes wholeness and aims to describe the forms of movement and transformation of things. Yin and Yang are the ancient theory of unity of opposites, while the five elements are the primitive system theory.

The five elements coexist: wood → fire → earth → Gold → water the five elements coexist: gold → wood → earth → water → fire, which refers to the mutual help and promotion between two kinds of things with different attributes. Specifically: wood fire, fire soil, soil gold, gold water, aquatic wood. Contrast, on the contrary, means that the relationship between two kinds of things with different five elements attributes is mutual restraint; Specific is: mu Ke soil, soil ke water, water ke fire, fire ke gold, jin Ke wood.

Yin Yang and five elements VS quantum theory

Quantum theory, only through the language of philosophy, quantum belongs to metaphysics invisible, intangible things. The basic five elements of yuanqi, the way of all things in the world.

 

 

The I ching

The Book of Changes refers to the three books of changes: Lianshan, Guizang and Zhouyi. Among them, Lianshan and Guizang have been lost, and only Zhouyi exists in the world. In essence, the Book of Changes is a book about change, a book of profound dialectic philosophy. The Book of Changes, known as “the source of the most important sutras”, is the general program of Traditional Chinese culture, containing simple and profound natural laws and harmonious dialectic thoughts, and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation for thousands of years. The BOOK of Changes has long been used as a “divination”. “Divination” is the prediction of future developments, and the BOOK of Changes is a book summarizing the law and theory of these predictions. The Book of Changes is an outstanding representative of Chinese culture. Vast, subtle and all-embracing, it is also the source of Chinese civilization. It covers philosophy, politics, life, literature, art, science and many other fields. It is the first group of classics and the common classics of Confucianism and Taoism.

0, the pronunciation of difficult words in I Ching

  • Yao: Phonetic yao, 2 sounds. The length and length of each hexagram in the eight diagrams: a line image.
  • Mix: dui, 4 tones. Against the hexagrams joy visible, happy shine on people.
  • Joseph: Wife, four voices. Do it, just do it.
  • Giri: and more. The original meaning is “pigs run off”. Chinese characters are more than words of sound.
  • Zhen: namely zhen, “zhen” is a verb, the meaning that bu asks, “zhen” is adjective auspicious meaning.
  • Divination: sound. Good fortune and ill fortune are as long as a short divination turtle.

1. What is I Ching?

  • (1) Strictly speaking, the Book of Changes and Yi Zhuan constitute zhouyi; And zhouyi, Lianshan and Guizang constitute the Three Changes. Lian Shan is the Yi learning of the Xia Dynasty, Guizang is the Yi learning of the Yin Dynasty, and Zhouyi is the Yi Learning of the Zhou Dynasty. Unfortunately, “Lianshan” and “Guizang” have been lost.
  • (2) The Book of Changes, also known as the Book of Changes, or Yi for short, was written from the early to the late Zhou Dynasty, about 3,000 years ago. The Book of Changes consists of hexagrams and line statements. There are 64 hexagrams, each with six lines, a total of 384 lines. Yi Zhuan has ten wings: girding and girding, girding and girding, girding and girding, girding and girding, saying trigrams, sequence trigrams and miscellaneous trigrams. The book yi Zhuan was written from the Spring and Autumn Period to the middle period of the Warring States Period.
  • (3) Historians believe that The book of Changes was co-written by fuxi, King Wen, Duke Zhou and Confucius. Fuxi drew the eight diagrams, King Wen wrote the commentary of the hexagrams, And Duke Zhou wrote the commentary of the line.

 

2. What is the core of the I Ching?

The core of the BOOK of Changes is the famous “three changes”, namely: easy, easy, not easy.

  • (1) Simplicity: it means that no matter how complex or profound things are in the world, once human intelligence reaches the point, they can be transformed into problems that people can easily understand and deal with.
  • (2), change: it means that everything in the world is changing and developing all the time. Nothing is constant. If you leave this change, it is difficult to form everything in the universe.
  • (3), not easy: refers to in the universe under the premise of all things change, there is the only constant things exist, that is, can change the things of everything is unchanged; That is, the law of change is immutable.

The so-called “difficult” is the basic balance; “Change” means development, change, imbalance; Simplicity means that all the most complex things in the world can be summed up in the simplest notation. Development, change and imbalance are absolute and eternal, while balance is relative and temporary.

 

The I Ching is expressed in the eight diagrams, which in turn extends to the 64 hexagrams

  • (1) The eight trigrams are composed of gan, Dui, Li, Zhen, Xun, Kan, gen and Kun. Knowing the eight diagrams can deduce the 64 hexagrams. Dry: day; Kun:; Against: water; From: fire; Shock: ray; Candy: water; Gen: mountain; Xun: the wind.
  • (2) In the Book of Changes, “-” is used to denote a Yang line and “–” to denote a Yin line. Yin and Yang lines form the hexagrams.
  • (3) To be specific, each hexagram has six lines, or is composed of three Yang lines or three Yin lines; Or one Yin line and two Yang lines; Or it is composed of a Yang line and two Yin lines. The eight trigrams are the eight single trigrams. The eight hexagrams overlap with each other to form the 64 hexagrams.
  • (4), “easy to have tai Chi, is born two instruments, two instruments born four elephant, four elephant born eight diagrams.” The change of Yin and Yang begins with Taiji, from which two instruments are produced, namely Yin and Yang. That is, there are Yin and Yang, so that mutual induction, Yang nourishes Yin, Yin contains Yang, so there is Yang in the Yin, Yang has Yin, so the two qi, Yin and Yang are divided into four, called the four images. The four elephants now generally refer to shaoyang, laoyang, Shaoyin and Laoyin.

 

4. What are the effects of the I Ching?

The BOOK of Changes is the philosophy and experience summed up by Chinese Confucianism for thousands of years. It contains everything and covers a wide range, and almost all knowledge is included in an encyclopedia. The I Ching brings three golden keys to mankind.

  • (1) The first golden key is “Yin and Yang”, anything in the world when Yin and Yang balance to achieve harmony, harmony can develop and progress.
  • (2) The second golden key is the “five elements”, everything can not leave the five elements of the figure, feng shui numerology and physiology are from it.
  • (3) The third golden key is the eight diagrams, which extends to the sixty-four hexagrams of King Wen. He tells us the sixty-four codes of the universe, and the whole world can’t escape them.

 

5. What is the dialectical principle of I Ching?

“Easy, poor change, change, general for a long time.” This is what xi Ci said, and it is also an important dialectical principle in the Book of Changes: Change leads to permanence.

  • (1) The law of the way of heaven: [Only change is suitable]. When things change, there is a constant, and when there is a constant there is a change. The Book of Changes shows the invariable rule of “constant and lasting” in this kind of “constant and lasting”, and the variable rule of “only suitable for change”. This law is called “tianxing”, that is, the law of the movement of heaven.
  • (2) The change of things follows the law of the movement of heaven. All things in the world are changing, only the law of heaven itself is unchanged, so the change of things must follow the law of heaven.
  • (3) Therefore, the Book of Changes holds that since all things in the world are changing and only the law of heaven itself remains unchanged, people should imitate the Law of Heaven without violating the laws of heaven and changing according to The Times, so as to maintain a long life.
  • (4) The two concepts guiding human behavior in the BOOK of Changes, namely “time” and “zhong”, refer to the doctrine of the mean: operating in the middle of the doctrine of heaven, earth and nature, neither too much nor too little. To be in tune with The Times: that is to say, to keep pace with The Times.




 

The quantum theory

1.The quantum theoryconcept

Quantum is an important concept in modern physics. It was first proposed by the German physicist M. Planck in 1900. He postulated that the radiation energy in blackbody radiation is discontinuous and can only be taken as integer multiples of the basic unit of energy, thus explaining the experimental phenomenon of blackbody radiation well. Later studies showed that not only energy showed this discontinuous separation property, but also other physical quantities such as angular momentum, spin, charge and so on. This is fundamentally different from the classical physics represented by Newtonian mechanics. Quantization is mainly manifested in the microscopic physical world. The physical theory that describes the physical world of the small is quantum mechanics. The word quantum comes from the Latin quantus, meaning “how much,” which stands for “a considerable amount of something.” Since Planck put forward the concept of quantum, Einstein, Bohr, de Broglie, Heisenberg, Schrodinger, Diac, Born and other people made improvements, and in the first half of the 20th century, a complete theory of quantum mechanics was initially established. The vast majority of physicists regard quantum mechanics as a fundamental theory for understanding and describing nature.

 

2,History of Quantum theory

In classical physics, according to the equipartition theorem of energy: energy is continuous change, can take any value. In the late 19th century, scientists discovered that many physical phenomena could not be explained by classical theories. At that time, the German physics circle focused on the blackbody radiation problem. Around 1900, M. Planck tried to solve the black-body radiation problem, he boldly proposed the quantum hypothesis, and derived Planck radiation law, which is still used today. Planck proposed that the “quantum of energy” (quanta) was the smallest unit of energy, just as atoms are the building blocks of all matter. Objects absorb or emit electromagnetic radiation only in quanta of energy. Planck published the quantization value of energy, the value of a molecular mole (mol) and the basic charge for the first time in the Meeting of the German Physical Society on December 14, 1900. Its values were more accurate than before, and the proposed theory successfully solved the problem of black-body radiation, marking the birth of quantum mechanics. In 1905, The German physicist Albert Einstein introduced the concept of quantum into the propagation process of light, and proposed the concept of “light quantum” (photon), and proposed that light has the properties of both wave and particle, namely the “wave-particle duality” of light. In 1920s, French physicist De Broglie proposed the concept of “matter wave”, that is, all matter particles have wave-particle duality; German physicist Heisenberg and others established quantum matrix mechanics; Austrian physicist Schrodinger established quantum wave mechanics. The development of quantum theory has entered the stage of quantum mechanics. In 1928, The British physicist Dirac completed the mathematical equivalence proof between matrix mechanics and wave mechanics, systematically summarized the theory of quantum mechanics, and successfully combined the two theoretical systems — relativity and quantum mechanics, which opened the prelude of quantum field theory. Quantum theory is one of the two cornerstones of modern physics, providing a theoretical basis for understanding macroscopic phenomena at the microscopic level.

 

3,The quantum theoryimpact

The proposal of quantum hypothesis has strongly impacted classical physics, promoted physics into the micro level, and laid the foundation of modern physics. But until now, some of physicists’ assumptions about quantum mechanics have not been fully proved, and there is still a lot to learn. Classical physics is unified on atoms, quantum physics is unified on quantum, chemistry is unified on elements, and life is unified on DNA. DNA itself is stripped dry, which is actually a group of elements, according to the combination of classical physics and quantum physics.

 

4. What is quantum theory?

After thousands of years of debate, we now know that matter is ultimately made up of microscopic particles such as electrons and quarks. These little guys fit together like Lego bricks to form atoms and molecules, which in turn form the lego bricks of the macro world. To describe how the tiny world works, scientists have developed a theory called quantum mechanics. The theory makes pretty outlandish predictions (particles can be in two places at once, for example), but it’s the most accurate theory in physics right now, and it’s stood up to rigorous testing over the last hundred years. Many of the technologies around us, including the chips in computers and smartphones, would be unthinkable without quantum theory. Quantum theory is odd, but its validity is beyond doubt. Scientists argue only about how to explain it.

 

Interpretation of quantum theory

  • The Copenhagen explanation: there is no definite reality until we measure it. It is only at the moment we observe that the act of observing causes the wave function to “collapse” that a certain reality emerges. The Copenhagen interpretation can be summarized as having three core elements: Born’s probabilistic interpretation, Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle, and Bohr’s complementarity principle. Together, these three core principles destroy our perception of the world: the first two together destroy causality in the classical world, and the second two together destroy objectivity.

    (1) Using a simple coin phenomenon to understand the Copenhagen interpretation of a coin in its general state, we think it is either heads or tails, this is very clear. But there’s one situation where it’s not clear, and that’s when it’s spinning, we don’t know whether it’s heads or tails. We think of it as a quantum state (we use coins instead of particles, which is actually not a quantum state in the macro world). In this case, the state can be described by a wave function, which describes the probability that the coin rotates heads and tails. However, to measure whether it is heads or tails, we have to push the coin upside down, which destroys the quantum state in which the coin is spinning, i.e. its wave function collapses. And when the coin rotates, it’s in a superposition of heads and tails, or it’s both heads and tails, in the same way that a quantum behaves like a wave or particle.

  • The many-world explanation: Every quantum measurement triggers the birth of countless parallel universes, and every possibility in the superposition becomes a reality in each new universe. You only observe that schrodinger’s cat is alive because the “you” happens to be in the same newborn universe as the living cat.

  • De Broglie’s guide wave explanation: Microscopic particles behave much like classical particles, except that you imagine them riding on so-called guide waves like surfers. The particles produce waves, which guide the particles, and so on.

 

Quantum mechanics VS classical mechanics

Truth be told, the rules that govern our familiar “classical” world are largely broken in the micro world. There are only a few exceptions, such as conservation of energy, conservation of charge and so on. “Classical” is the term physicists use to describe “everyday sensations” — when something behaves within the bounds of your everyday experience, we say it is “classical.” But this does not mean that the laws of the micro and macro worlds are completely disconnected. As laws of physics, quantum laws are certainly more fundamental, but when lots of particles are gathered together, the overall behavior is very similar to that of classical objects, and you can describe it in terms of classical laws.

 

 

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Reference: Schrodinger, What is Life? What is the book of Changes about?