The text

String: general string operation

Re: regular expression operation

Difflib: Difference calculation tool

Textwrap: Text fill

Unicodedata: Unicode character database

Stringprep: Internet string preparation tool

Readline: the GNU line-by-line interface

Rlcompleter: GNU’s implementation of reading by line

Struct: Parsing bytes into packaged binary data

Codecs: codecs for registry and base classes

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The data type

Datetime: Datetime-based tools

Calendar: Generic month function

Collections: Container data types

Collections. ABC: Container virtual base class

Heapq: Heap queue algorithm

Bisect: Array binary algorithm

Array: efficient array of values

Weakref: weak reference

Types: Dynamic creation and naming of built-in types

Copy: shallow copy and deep copy

Pprint: formats the output

Reprlib: Implementation of alternate repr()

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mathematics

Numbers: Virtual base class for numbers

Math: Math function

Cmath: Mathematical function of complex numbers

Decimal: Fixed-point and floating-point calculations

Fractions: the fractions are rational

Random: Generates a random number

Functional programming

Itertools: Generates iterators for efficient loops

Functools: Higher-order functions and operations on objects that can be called

Operator: Standard operation on a function

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Files and Directories

Os. path: common path name control

Fileinput: Traverses rows from a multi-input stream

Stat: Interprets the result of stat()

Filecmp: compares files and directories

Tempfile: Generates temporary files and directories

Glob: An extension of the UNIx-style pathname format

Fnmatch: Matches unix-style path names

Linecache: Random storage of lines of text

Shutil: Advanced file operations

Macpath: MacOS 9 path control function

persistence

Pickle: Serialization of Python objects

Copyreg: Register machine support function for pickle

Shelve: Python object persistence

Marshal: Internal Python object serialization

DBM: Unix database interface

Sqlite3: API2.0 for SQLite databases

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The compression

Zlib: GZIP-compatible compression

Gzip: Support for Gzip files

Bz2: Support for bzip2 compression

Lzma: Compression using lZMA algorithm

Zipfile: Operates the ZIP archive

Tarfile: Reads and writes tar files

encryption

Hashlib: Security hash and message digest

Hmac: message authentication

Operating system tools

OS: Multifaceted operating system interface

IO: Stream core tool

Time: Time query and conversion

Argparser: A parser for command-line options, arguments, and subcommands

Optparser: Command line option parser

Getopt: C-style command-line options parser

Logging: Python logging tool

Logging. config: log configuration

Handlers: log handlers

Getpass: simple password input

Curses: Terminal processing of character display

Textpad: The text input field of the Curses program

Curses. ASCII: ASCII character set tool

Curses. Panel: Curses stack extension

Platform: Access authentication data of the underlying platform

Errno: indicates a standard error flag

Ctypes: Python external function library

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concurrent

Threading: Thread-based parallelism

Multiprocessing: process-based parallelism

Concurrent: Sends packets concurrently

Concurrent. futures: Starts parallel tasks

Subprocess: manages subprocesses

Sched: event scheduling

Queue: indicates the synchronization queue

Select: waits for I/OS to complete

Dummy_threading: Replacement for the threading module (when _thread is not available)

_thread: The underlying thread API (threading based on it)

_dummy_thread: Replacement of the _thread module (when _thread is not available)

Interprocess communication

Socket: indicates the underlying network interface

SSL: TLS/SSL filler for the socket object

Asyncore: Asynchronous socket processor

Asynchat: Asynchronous socket command/response processor

Signal: asynchronous transaction signal processor

Mmap: Memory mapped file support

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The Internet

Email: Mail and MIME processing package

Json: JSON encoding and decoding

Mailcap: MailCap file processing

Mailbox: controls the mailbox in multiple formats

Mimetypes: File names are mapped to MIME types

Base64: RFC3548: Base16, Base32, and Base64 encoding

Binhex: Binhex4 file encoding and decoding

Binascii: conversion between binary code and ASCII code

Quopri: Encoding and decoding of mimequoted-printable data

Uu: encoding and decoding of uuencode files