The transfer process of sending a PDF document from one computer to another is divided into roughly four steps, which together provide a data transfer solution. But these four steps together, transmission seems very complex, not easy to network research, implementation and maintenance. So how do we solve this problem? We can solve this problem in a “hierarchical” way, decompose a large complex problem into several sub-problems, then the sub-problems are relatively easier to study and deal with.

2. How to layer?

(3) The relationship between protocols, interfaces and services