IPSE Substrate support: efficient block generation + cross-chain communication
January 23, 2024
by Ryan Hodson
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preface
IPSE (InterPlanetary Search Engine) is a Search Engine based on IPFS, which helps users to quickly Search the files on IPFS network and find the data they need. Meanwhile, users can also get token incentives by participating in mining. In addition to IPFS (Interplanetary File System) technology, IPSE uses Substrate, a blockchain framework with fully generic state transition capabilities (STF) and modular components. Polkadot based on Substrate is a cross-chain network that facilitates communication between different blockchain networks. The IPSE network will build an interoperable value network using Substrate/Polkadot support. The following is the current relationship between IPSE and Substrate/Polkadot support.
(Note: Detailed technical design can be accessed in IPSE Technical Yellow Book)
Block bonus + store bonus + quest bonus
Substrate can easily support the three awards, and the distribution of benefits of the three awards can also be easily adjusted, see Governing Boards and referendums below.
Description: Miners can get rewards mainly from the contribution of storage space and bandwidth, in the system, miners need to ensure that the hardware equipment is intact, provide sufficient storage space, receive the task distribution task and complete the storage, will be rewarded.
If a miner packs a block, a token is transferred to the miner’s wallet as a block reward.
Punishment for misbehavior + punishment for storing lost data + punishment for distributing invalid tasks
Substrate can easily support various types of punishment mechanisms.
Description: Normal miners participate in the network as participants as long as the equipment is running properly. Maintaining the safety of the network introduces penalties that constrain miners’ behavior. If miners carry out meaningless distribution, it will affect the normal work of other miners. In addition, if there is deliberate loss of stored data (such as deletion, long-term offline), stability will be affected. The punishment for various irregularities is forfeiture of pledge tokens and a reduction in miners’ credit rating. When a predetermined value is reached, the punished miner is eliminated by the rest of the network.
Democratic elections + council members + plebiscite
All users with POST can participate in the election governance committee, which has limited seats and is elected in rotation. The user locks the POST for a certain amount of time to gain voting power, and then gives the validation node a committee election. Elected committees are responsible for drafting, initiating and voting down major proposals. For example, you can vote on how rewards are allocated and how storage nodes join the system.
Description: Users can vote by holding POST, which affects the reward system of nodes.
Collateral mechanism + consensus security
The mortgage module of Substrate can easily support the design of various mortgage scenarios. IPSE also introduces part of the mortgage mechanism for consensus security, but it is mainly to prevent the malfeasant behavior of storage users and task distribution nodes, rather than to reduce the circulation and drive up the currency price. The default consensus of Substrate is combination consensus, the combination of BABE+Grandpa, which is used to verify the blocks quickly and Grandpa which is responsible for the chain finality, which is slower and safer. When a UDSN accesses the network, its account needs a Token of the minimum threshold to ensure that it does not commit evil acts on the network.
Description: The existing IPSE network does not take a pre-mortgaged approach to mining. Instead, it allows miners to participate in the network in a simplified, near-zero-cost way, with a portion of the assets obtained from mining pledged into contracts to be released over the next few years. However, if the miner commits malicious acts or misconducts, it means that the miner gives up the pledge ownership and loses the pledge token. At the same time, miners face losing credit and being eliminated by the rest of the network. IPSE takes full consideration between maintaining consensus and minimizing costs. The introduction of partial mortgage mechanism will effectively prevent evil acts. Such collateral is an efficient choice based on security. In addition, BABE blocks efficiently in a consensus combination. Grandpa, on the other hand, can validate blocks in large numbers and efficiently, multiple at a time.
Depending on the BABE + Grandpa hybrid consensus, all block producers will have a verifiable random function (VRF) key that will randomly allocate blocks, so that block generation rewards will be fair, all nodes will have the right to block generation, and consensus will be achieved.
Why do we need consensus? Consensus is a method of reaching agreement on a shared state. In order for the state of the blockchain to continue to be established and move forward, all the nodes in the network must agree. In this way, nodes in a distributed network can keep in sync with each other. Without consensus on the distributed network of nodes in a blockchain, there is no way to ensure the true state of a node and its sharing with other nodes. This is the process by which nodes communicate and reach agreements and are able to build new blocks. Without consensus, the network will be scattered and disconnected, and there will be no consensus on the output block.
Offchain Worker + PDP proof
The Offchain Worker sends the external service to listen for blockchain events and trigger tasks accordingly, and when these tasks are complete, the results are submitted back to the blockchain using a transaction. Offchain Worker allows the system executive to run tasks for a long time and may be uncertain. Offchain Worker can easily access the on-chain state for calculation, and can also interact with the off-chain data. Offchain Worker is designed to prove PDP. In fact, it is to separate data security verification nodes from each other. The governance committee can propose more rewards to data security verification nodes, so that more nodes will join in to ensure more data security. Offchain Worker can carry out HTTP request and local storage-fetch and update, as well as encryption and decryption, signature and random number generation, fully meeting the functions of independent PDP challenger and verifier.
Description: Substrate provides an Offchain Worker to ensure the safety and efficiency of off-chain (off-chain) data integration. The decoupling worker subsystem requires long running or uncertain tasks (e.g., Web requests, encryption/decryption and signing of data, random number generation, CPU intensive computing, enumeration/aggregation of on-chain data, etc.). The decoupling worker has its own Wasm execution environment outside of Substrate runtime. It is important to note, however, that the results produced by a de-link worker do not require regular agreement. PDP proof of ownership is mainly aimed at storage miners to enable it to complete the challenge of providing proof of data storage combined. De-link workers can perform tasks to challenge and verify PDP proofs.
Blockchain browser + wallet + light node
The chain developed by Substrate is already in use by a well-developed blockchain browser, and the wallet also has universal open source code. As for the light node required by IPSE, on the one hand, it can integrate the function of wallet, on the other hand, it can complete the functions of high-level application layer, such as sharing data and semantic label mining, and of course, it can also complete the P2P access of data through the built-in IPFS node.
Description: Using light nodes, local clients do not need to synchronize the whole network data, but only store key data (block headers and other information), thus saving resources and improving communication speed. Together with wallet and blockchain browser, it is very convenient to provide users with a simple and efficient use experience.
Polkadot + ParaChain
IPSE is positioned to be cross-chain, and it is a good choice to access Polkadot’s ecosystem. The benefits of Parachain are obvious. When a new user joins as a storage node, there is no need to purchase POST in the secondary market. Direct use of Bitcoin or USDT can be used as the minimum Token collateral. Polkadot’s stablecoins can also be introduced in the IPSE ecosystem.
Through ParaChain, IPSE can connect with Polkadot and other blockchain networks to efficiently move assets around. Parallel chain applications will be highly scalable. There will be not one but many parallel chains themselves, and communication between them will be carried out across the chain.
What stage is IPSE in?
Launch IPFS search network, namely IPSE interstellar search engine
There is a global open storage mining, miners can dig and get POST
☐ app chain development
The application chain development phase will be developed and tested from 2019-10 to 2020-03. The current phase does not affect IPSE (POST token) operation on the EOS mainnet. When the application chain is successfully launched, the tokens of the original EOS mainnet will be mapped to the application chain one by one.
