Wechat mini program - personal summary

Introduction to the

The running environment of small programs is divided into the rendering layer and the logical layer, in which WXML templates and WXSS styles work in the rendering layer, and JS scripts work in the logical layer. In this way, some front-end frameworks such as jQuery and Zepto can not be used in small programs. Web developers can use the DOM API exposed by various browsers for DOM selection and manipulation.

Global configuration

The app.json file in the root directory of the applets is used for global configuration of wechat applets, determining the path of page files, window performance, setting network timeout, setting multiple tabs, etc.

Common configuration items

attribute	type	describe
pages	string[]	Page path list
window	Object	Global default window representation
tabBar	Object	The behavior of the bottom TAB
networkTimeout	Object	Network timeout
debug	boolean	Whether to enable the debug mode. By default, the debug mode is disabled

Some common configuration options


{
  "pages"[// The first item is the default home page"pages/index/index"."pages/logs/index"]."window": {
    "navigationBarBackgroundColor": "#ffffff"// Navigation bar background color"navigationBarTextStyle": "black"// Navigation bar title color"navigationBarTitleText": "WeChat"// Navigation bar title text content"backgroundColor": "#eeeeee"// Window background color"backgroundTextStyle": "light"Dark/light},"tabBar": {
    "color": "# 666",// Unselected text color"selectedColor": "#ff8928"// The selected text color"list": [{
        "pagePath": "pages/index/index"// Page path"text": "Home page"// TAB button text"iconPath": "images/tabBar_img2.png", // Unselected image path"selectedIconPath": "images/tabBar_img1.png"// Select the image path}, {"pagePath": "pages/logs/logs"."text": "Log"}},"networkTimeout": {
    "request": 10000, // Wx. request timeout period"downloadFile": 10000 //wx.downloadFile timeout},"debug": true."navigateToMiniProgramAppIdList": [// allows jumping to other applets' appids"wxe5f52902cf4de896"]}Copy the code

Configuration page

Each applet page can also use a.json file of the same name to configure the window representation of the page, and the configuration items in the page will override the same configuration items in the window of app.json.

{
  "navigationBarBackgroundColor": "#ffffff"."navigationBarTextStyle": "black"."navigationBarTitleText": "Wechat Interface Function Demonstration"."backgroundColor": "#eeeeee"."backgroundTextStyle": "light"
}
Copy the code

A sitemap configuration

The sitemap.json file in the root directory of the applet is used to configure whether the applet and its pages are allowed to be indexed by wechat.

Register applet

The entire small program only one App instance, is all pages shared. Developers can use the getApp method to get globally unique App samples, get data on the App, or call functions that the developer has registered with the App.

App({onLaunch (options) {// Do something initial when launch.} OnShow (options) {// lifecycle callback -- listen for applets to start or cut foreground // Do something when show.},onHide// Do something when hide.}, onError (MSG) {console.log(MSG)}, OnPageNotFound (res){// Do something when page not found.}, globalData:'I am global data'
})
Copy the code

Const appInstance = getApp() console.log(appinstance.globaldata) // I am global dataCopy the code

Page life cycle

Page({data: {// the initial data of the Page text:"This is page data."
  },
  onLoad: function// Do some initialize when page load.}, onReady:function// Do something when page ready.}, onShow:function// Do something when page show.}, onHide:function() {// lifecycle callback -- listen on page hide // Do something when page hide.}, onUnload:function// Do something when page close.}, onPullDownRefresh:function() {// Do something when pull down.}, onReachBottom:function() {// Do something when page reach bottom.}, onShareAppMessage:function(res) {// The user clicks in the upper right corner to forwardif (res.from === 'button') {// From the page forward button console.log(res.target)}return {
        title: 'Custom Forwarding title',
        path: '/page/user? id=123'
    }
  },
  onPageScroll: function() {// Do something when page scroll}, onResize:function() {// when the page size changes, // Do something when page resize}, onTabItemTap(item) {// Console.log (item.index) is triggered when TAB is clicked; Console. log(item.pagepath); // The tabItem page path console.log(item.text); // tabItem button text}})Copy the code

Page routing

The framework maintains all the current pages as a stack

Open a new page

Call THE API wx.navigateTo using the component <navigator URL ="/page/index/index" open-type="navigateTo"/>
Copy the code

Page redirection

Call API wx.redirectTo using the component <navigator URL ="/page/index/index" open-type="redirectTo"/>
Copy the code

The page returns

Call API wx.navigateBack using the component <navigator URL ="/page/index/index" open-type="navigateBack"> The user presses the upper-left return buttonCopy the code

The Tab to switch

Call API wx.switchTab uses the component <navigator open-type="switchTab"/> User toggles TabCopy the code

restart

Call API wx.reLaunch using the component <navigator open-type="reLaunch"/>
Copy the code

modular

Some common code can be separated into a single JS file as a module. Modules can only expose interfaces through module.exports or exports.

// common.js
function sayHello(name) {
  console.log(`Hello ${name} !`)
}
function sayGoodbye(name) {
  console.log(`Goodbye ${name}! SayHello = sayHello exports.sayGoodbye = sayGoodbye var common = require()} module.exports.sayHello = sayHello exports.sayGoodbye = sayGoodbye'common.js')
Page({
  helloMINA: function() {
    common.sayHello('MINA')
  },
  goodbyeMINA: function() {
    common.sayGoodbye('MINA')}})Copy the code

Commonly used API

The name of the	instructions
wx.showToast	A message dialog box is displayed
wx.showLoading	The Loading dialog box is displayed
wx.request	Initiates an HTTPS network request
wx.uploadFile	Upload local resources to the server
wx.showShareMenu	Displays a forward button for the current page
wx.login	Call interface to get login credentials (code)
wx.checkSession	Check whether the login status has expired
wx.getAccountInfoSync	Obtain the current account information
wx.getUserInfo	Obtaining User information
wx.UserInfo	The user information
wx.authorize	Initiate authorization requests to users in advance
wx.setClipboardData	Sets the contents of the system clipboard
wx.getClipboardData	Gets the contents of the system clipboard

WXML

WXML (WeiXin Markup Language) is a set of tag Language designed by the framework, which can be combined with the basic components and event system to build the structure of the page.

Data binding

The dynamic data in WXML comes from the data corresponding to the Page, and the variables are wrapped in double braces.

<! --wxml--> <view> {{message}} </view> // page.js Page({ data: { message:'Hello MINA! '}})Copy the code

The list of rendering

Bind an array on the component using the WX :for control property to render the component repeatedly using the data from the items in the array. By default, the subscript variable name of the current item in the default array is index, and the variable name of the current item in the default array is item.

<! --wxml--> <view wx:for="{{array}}"> {{item}} </view>


// page.js
Page({
  data: {
    array: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
  }
})
Copy the code

Conditions apply colours to a drawing

In the framework, use wx:if=”” to determine if the code block needs to be rendered. By default, the subscript variable name of the current item in the default array is index, and the variable name of the current item in the default array is item.

<! --wxml--> <view wx:if="{{view == 'WEBVIEW'}}"> WEBVIEW </view>
<view wx:elif="{{view == 'APP'}}"> APP </view>
<view wx:else="{{view == 'MINA'}}"> MINA </view>

// page.js
Page({
  data: {
    view: 'MINA'}})Copy the code

Wx: If vs Hidden Because templates in Wx :if may also contain data binding, the framework has a partial rendering process when wx:if’s conditional values are switched, as it ensures that conditional blocks are destroyed or re-rendered when switched. Wx :if is also lazy, so if the initial render condition is false, the framework does nothing and starts partial rendering only when the condition first becomes true. Hidden, by contrast, is much simpler; components are always rendered and simply show and hide. In general, WX :if has a higher switching cost and hidden. There is a higher initial render cost. Therefore, hidden is better if you need to switch frequently, and wx:if is better if conditions are unlikely to change at runtime.

The template

WXML provides templates in which snippets of code can be defined and then invoked in different places.

<! --wxml--> <template name="staffName">
  <view>
    FirstName: {{firstName}}, LastName: {{lastName}}
  </view>
</template>
<template is="staffName" data="{{... staffA}}"></template>

// page.js
Page({
  data: {
    staffA: {firstName: 'Hulk', lastName: 'Hu'}}})Copy the code

reference

WXML provides two file references: import and include.

import

Import can use the template defined by the object file in this file

<! -- item.wxml --> <template name="item"> < text > {{text}} < / text > < / template > / < / reference import SRC ="item.wxml"/>
<template is="item" data="{{text: 'forbar'}}"/>
Copy the code

include

Include can introduce the entire code of the object file except for template, WXS, which is equivalent to copying it to the include location.

<! -- header.wxml --> <view> header </view> <! -- footer.wxml --> <view> footer </view> <! -- index.wxml --> <include src="header.wxml"/>
<view> body </view>
<include src="footer.wxml"/>
Copy the code

WXSS

WXSS (WeiXin Style Sheets) is a Style language for describing the component styles of WXML. Compared to CSS, WXSS extensions have the following features: dimension unit style import

Size of the unit

RPX (Responsive Pixel) : ADAPTS to the screen width. Specify a screen width of 750rpx. For example, on iPhone6, the screen width is 375px and there are 750 physical pixels, then 750rpx = 375px = 750 physical pixels and 1rpx = 0.5px = 1 physical pixel.

Style import

/** common.wxss **/
.small-p {
  padding:5px;
}

/** app.wxss **/
@import "common.wxss";
.middle-p {
  padding:15px;
}
Copy the code

Inline style

<view style="color:{{color}};" />
<view class="normal_view" />
Copy the code

The selector

WXS

WXS (WeiXin Script) is a set of scripting language for small programs. Combined with WXML, you can build the structure of a page.

The module

Method 1: WXS labels

<! -- tools.wxs --> var foo ="'hello world' from tools.wxs";
var bar = function (d) {
  return d;
}
module.exports = {
  FOO: foo,
  bar: bar,
};
module.exports.msg = "some msg"; <! -- page/index/index.wxml --> <wxs src=". /.. /tools.wxs" module="tools"/> <view> {{tools.msg}} </view> <view> {{tools.bar(tools.FOO)}} </view> <! --> some MSG'hello world' from tools.wxs
Copy the code

Method 2 :require the function

<! -- tools.wxs --> var foo ="'hello world' from tools.wxs";
var bar = function (d) {
  return d;
}
module.exports = {
  FOO: foo,
  bar: bar,
};
module.exports.msg = "some msg"; <! --logic.wxs--> var tools = require("./tools.wxs");
console.log(tools.FOO);
console.log(tools.bar("logic.wxs")); console.log(tools.msg); <! -- /page/index/index.wxml --> <wxs src=". /.. /logic.wxs" module="logic"/ > <! -- Console output: -->'hello world' from tools.wxs
logic.wxs
some msg
Copy the code

variable

Variables in WXS are all references to values. Undeclared variables that are assigned directly are defined as global variables. If only variables are declared without assigning values, the default value is undefined. Var behaves like javascript, with variable enhancement.

var foo = 1;
var bar = "hello world"; var i; // I === undefined variable names must comply with the following two rules: The first character must be a letter (A-za-z) and the last character must be a letter (A-za-z), the last character must be an underscore (_) and the last character must be a digit (0-9).Copy the code

annotation

<! -- wxml --> <wxs module="sample"< span style = "max-width: 100%; clear: both; min-height: 1em; All WXS code from /* is commented var a = 1; var b = 2; var c ="fake";

</wxs>
Copy the code

The event

Events are the communication mode from the view layer to the logical layer. Events feed user behavior back to the logical layer for processing. Events can be bound to components, and when a triggering event is reached, the corresponding event handler in the logical layer is executed. Event objects can carry additional information such as ID, dataset, and Touches

The event list

type	The trigger condition
touchstart	Finger touch begins
touchmove	Fingers move after touch
touchcancel	Finger touch action is interrupted, such as a reminder, popover
touchend	End of finger touch action
tap	Touch your finger and leave immediately
longpress	If the event callback function is specified and the event is triggered, the TAP event will not be triggered
longtap	After finger touch, leave after more than 350ms (longpress event is recommended instead)
transitionend	Triggered when WXSS Transition or wx.createAnimation finishes
animationstart	Emitted when a WXSS animation starts
animationiteration	Emitted at the end of an iteration of a WXSS animation
animationend	Emitted when a WXSS animation completes
touchforcechange	On iPhone devices that support 3D Touch, retiming is triggered
submit	Submit the form
scroll	Scroll event

Event binding is written as a key or value. The key begins with a bind or catch and then follows the event type, such as bindtap or catchtouchstart. The Bind event binding does not prevent bubbling events from bubbling up. The catch event binding prevents bubbling events from bubbling up

component

View the container

The name of the	Functional specifications
movable-view	A removable view container that can be dragged and slid across a page
cover-image	Image views overlaid on native components
cover-view	Text views overlaid on top of native components
movable-area	Movable areas of movable-view
scroll-view	Scrollable view area
swiper	Slider view container
swiper-item	Can only be placed in the swiper component. The width and height are automatically set to 100%
view	View the container

Based on the content

The name of the	Functional specifications
icon	icon
progress	The progress bar
rich-text	The rich text
text	The text

Form components

The name of the	Functional specifications
button	button
checkbox	Multiple projects
checkbox-group	Multiple selector, internal by a plurality of checkbox composition
editor	Rich text editor, you can edit pictures, text
form	The form
input	Input box
label	Used to improve the usability of form components
picker	Scroll selector that pops up from the bottom
picker-view	Embed a scroll selector for the page
picker-view-column	Scroll the selector child
radio	The radio program
radio-group	Single selector, composed of multiple radio inside
slider	Slide selector
switch	Switch selector
textarea	Multi-line input box

navigation

The name of the	Functional specifications
functional-page-navigator	Valid only in plug-ins and used to jump to the plug-in feature page
navigator	The page link

Media components

The name of the	Functional specifications
audio	audio
camera	Camera system
image	The picture
live-player	Real-time audio and video playback
live-pusher	Real-time audio and video recording
video	video

The map

The name of the	Functional specifications
map	The map

The canvas

The name of the	Functional specifications
canvas	The canvas

Ability to open

The name of the	Functional specifications
web-view	The container that hosts the web page
ad	Banner ads
official-account	The public account focuses on components
open-data	Used to display wechat open data

Personal summary

Import modules – sample code

// common.js
function sayHello(name) {
  console.log(`Hello ${name} !`)
}
function sayGoodbye(name) {
  console.log(`Goodbye ${name}! `) } module.exports.sayHello = sayHello; Exports. sayGoodbye = sayGoodbye var common = require(exports.sayGoodbye = sayGoodbye var common = require('common.js')
Page({
  helloMINA: function() {
	common.sayHello('MINA')
  },
  goodbyeMINA: function() {
	common.sayGoodbye('MINA')}})Copy the code

jump

Wx. navigateTo({// jump - leave the current page, jump to a page url within the app:'test? id=1'}) wx.redirectto ({// jump - close the current page URL:'test? id=1'
})

Copy the code

Get global data

var app=getApp()
Copy the code

Style judgment

<view class="d-row1-cire {{stpe>=2? 'on-2':''}}"></view>
Copy the code

conclusion

If there is something wrong in the article, please leave a comment. Hope this article was helpful to you! Grow together! Progress together! This article is only a personal summary of wechat applets. If you want to view more details, you can go to the official website of wechat applets

Wechat mini program – personal summary

Introduction to the

Global configuration

Configuration page

A sitemap configuration

Register applet

Page life cycle

Page routing

Open a new page

Page redirection

The page returns

The Tab to switch

restart

modular

Commonly used API

WXML

Data binding

The list of rendering

Conditions apply colours to a drawing

The template

reference

WXSS

Size of the unit

Style import

Inline style

The selector

WXS

The module

Method 1: WXS labels

Method 2 :require the function

variable

annotation

The event

The event list

component

View the container

Based on the content

Form components

navigation

Media components

The map

The canvas

Ability to open

Personal summary

conclusion

Related Posts

Mid-Autumn Festival, pay tribute to the Chinese astronauts in space. Use CSS to achieve the effect of rocket landing

Follow along. You can also write VueRouter

JQuery (5) – Event manipulation and plugins